tarm(a)i-(di)
‘to nail, fasten’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1476
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
tarm(a)i-(di)
‘to nail, fasten’1.1.1Transmission
The verb is used in ritual descriptions and incantations (NS). Those texts that can be assigned a CTH number belong to the Kuwattalla tradition. As a participle, it is also attested in the toponym KURTarmaimiš (KUB 38.6 iv 19’, KUB 38.10 iv 4 = KBo 70.109 iv 17’ and KBo 70.109 ii 21’; cult inventory CTH 527, NS); cf. del Monte & Tischler 1978a:407; most recently Cammarosano 2018a:448f.).
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | tar-mi-ta | KBo 9.145, 5’ | (CTH 770, NS) |
| 3pl. impv. act. | tar-ma-in-du | KUB 32.8 (+) KUB 32.5 iv 24’ | (CTH 759, NS) |
| part. nom. pl. c. | tar-ma-a-⸢i⸣-[i]m-m[i-in-zi] | CHDS 2.99, 7’ + KUB 35.36, 1’ | (CTH 762, NS) |
| tar-ma-a-i-im-[mi-in-zi] | KBo 29.6 iv 4’ | (CTH 762, NS) |
The nom. pl. c. at CHDS 2.99, 7’ + KUB 35.36, 1’ is assured by the verb ašandu in the continuation of the line preserved at KUB 35.13, 11’, now made available through a new join, for which see Sasseville 2021a:559f.). For the restoration of tar-ma-a-i-im-[mi-in-zi] at KBo 29.6 iv 4’, see Sasseville 2021a:560.
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
CLuw. tarm(i)- occurs twice in a figura etymologica “tarmati tarm(a)i-(di)”, at KBo 9.145, 4’ and KUB 32.8 (+) KUB 32.5 iv 23’f. The meaning of the Hittite cognate tarmā(i)-(mi) ‘to nail, fasten’ was elucidated as early as 1928 (Götze 1928a:84, Laroche 1951c:66-68), and the CLuw. verb tarm(a)i-(di) was also understood relatively early (Otten apud Friedrich 1952a:386, Kammenhuber 1959b:223f.; cf. also DLL:92f., CLL:213, Starke 1990a:439, Tischler 2008a:190, EDHIL:844f., Sasseville 2021a:229).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
The switch between the stem forms tarmi- and tarmai- together with the lenited allomorph of the 3sg. pret. -ta classifies the verb as a stem in -(a)i-(di). Moreover, the close semantic relationship with the noun tarm(i)- ‘nail, peg’ leaves no doubt that it is one of the secondary denominative verbs of this class (see DLL:92, and more precisely Sasseville 2021a:218-232 and 248-254 with references).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Derivatives
For the lemma head see CLuw. tarm(i)-.