kuwalanalli(ya)-

Attested only in a ritual fragment and in an Ištanuwan song.

[A.B.]

acc. sg. c.	ku-wa-la-na-al-li-in	KUB 25.39 rev. iv 11	(CTH 773, NS)
nom./acc. sg. n.	ku-wa-⸢la⸣-na-⸢al-li⸣-ia-an-⸢za⸣	KBo 29.43 r. col. 5’	(CTH 768, NS)

The attestations follow Laroche 1959a:60 (reading kuwatnalli-, based on a similarity between the sign-forms of LA and AT, which is now outdated, cf. Starke 1990a:234 with n. 798 and under the lemma kulān- or kulāna-), CLL:114, Starke 1990a:235, and HED K:239. The transliterations have been checked against the photos of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, additionally the hand copy of KBo 23.43 has been taken into account due to the barely legible photo of the tablet.

For the Glossenkeilwort kuwalanalla/i- or kuwalanalli(ya)- cf. the respective lemma. HED K:238 (cf. Beal 1992a:35, Tischler 2008a:98f., Tischler 2016a:184,) also assume a connection with the fragmentary professional designation ^LÚ.MEŠkuwalanal[- ‘soldiers’ (?) in KBo 19.86 rev. 4’ (for this word cf. also Ünal 2007a:384 and Ünal 2016a:305).

[A.B.]

The transparent morphology as a derivative of Luwian *ku(wa)lan- ‘army’ (attested in HLuw. /kwalan-/, EXERCITUS.LA/I/U-‘army’, in cuneiform only attested in names and derivatives, cf. the lemma kulān- or kulāna-) with the Luwian suffixes -alla/i- and -i(ya)- (both derive adjectives from nouns, cf. Melchert 2003b:195, 197) led to the conclusion that kuwalanalli(ya)- means ‘military’ (cf. Laroche 1959a:60, HED K:239, Tischler 2008a:98, Tischler 2016a:184), ‘pertaining to the army, military’ (cf. Starke 1990a:235 and CLL:114 ‘of an army, military’). In KUB 25.39 rev. iv 11f. it appears as an attribute to lalḫiya- ‘journey; campaign’ and Starke translates the word pair as ‘military campaign’ (cf. Beal 1992a:35). The context of KBo 29.43 is too fragmentary to permit any further conclusions.

[A.B.]

This word is attested only once with gloss markers in a NS KIN-oracle.

[A.B.]

dat./loc. sg.

ku-wa-la-na-⸢al⸣-li-i

KUB 50.40 obv.? 2’

(NS, CTH 572)

The attestation follows Starke 1990a:235, cf. Ünal 2007a:384, Ünal 2016a:307 (retaining the outdated reading kuwatnalla/i-, cf. under Graphic features), and Zorman 2016a:582 (not yet included in Laroche 1959a or CLL). The transliteration has been checked against the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. The form could be either Hittite or Luwian.

HED K:238 (cf. Beal 1992a:35, Tischler 2008a:98f., Tischler 2016a:184,) also assumes a connection with the fragmentary professional designation ^LÚ.MEŠkuwalanal[- ‘soldiers’ (?) in KBo 19.86 rev. 4’ (for this word cf. also Ünal 2007a:384 and Ünal 2016a:305).

[A.B.]

The sequence of the signs NA-AL seems to be written over an erasure of other signs. For a discussion of the outdated reading AT for LA in this family of words, cf. the lemma lemma kulān- or kulāna-).

[A.B.]

There are two possible analyses for the stem of this word, as it is either kuwalanalla/i- or kuwalanalli(ya)-. If the Glossenkeilwort contains the suffix -i(ya)-, it is identical with CLuwian kuwalanalli(ya)- (cf. Starke 1990a:235, implicitly Tischler 2008a:98, Tischler 2016a:184 and under the respective lemma); if not, that still does not change the meaning, cf. under Origin (differently, Ünal 2007a:384 and Ünal 2016a:307 assume a place or locality without further specifications).

Both analyses regard it as a derivative of Luwian *ku(wa)lan- ‘army’ (attested in HLuw. /kwalan-/, EXERCITUS.LA/I/U-‘army’, in cuneiform only attested in names and derivatives, cf. the lemma kulān- or kulāna-), which has led to the conclusion that it means ‘military’ or sim. (cf. Laroche 1959a:60, HED K:239, Tischler 2008a:98, Tischler 2016a:184); ‘pertaining to the army, military’ (cf. Starke 1990a:235, Zorman 2016a:582 and CLL:114 ‘of an army, military’).

The context of KUB 50.40 obv.^? 2’ shows the following (transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, additionally the hand copy as well as transliterations, restorations and translations of Beal 1992a:35f. and Marcuson 2016a:492 have been taken into account).

^(1’)ir-tu₄ kiš-an-pát nu gul-aḫ-mi-ma kat-t[a ...] ^(2’)ku-wa-la-na-⸢al⸣-li-i še-eš-mi ki.min nu k[in ...] ^(3’)nu-kán a-na gig.tur nu.sig₅

^(1’)The oracle inquiry is just as follows: I strike, however, dow[n …] ^(2’)in the military (camp^?) I sleep – ditto (acceptable?). Then the K[IN-oracle …] ^(3’)And there to the minor illness – unfavorable.

The form is a dat./loc. sg. (cf. Starke 1990a:235). Beal 1992a:35f. assumes a substantivized adjective ‘military thing’, suggesting that (the king) sleeps in the camp of the army. Marcuson 2016a:492 translates ‘I sleep with the army’ (probably meaning: ‘among the soldiers’?). Hence, while it is clear that kuwalanalla/i- or kuwalanalli(ya)- means ‘military’ and is apparently used as a substantive here, it cannot be said with certainty if it refers to the soldiers or to the military camp – in this text, both options are possible.

[A.B.]

The attested form of kuwalanalli(ya)- could be Luwian or Hittite. Although this Glossenkeilwort does not appear in the list of Luwianisms of Melchert 2005a and van den Hout 2006a, as already mentioned, Starke 1990a:235 identified it with CLuwian kuwalanalli(ya)- (cf. implicitly Tischler 2008a:98, Tischler 2016a:184 and under the respective lemma). The only thing that remains uncertain is whether the Glossenkeilwort also shows the suffix -i(ya)- in the same way as the CLuwian word. If it contains this additional suffix, it would not change the meaning since kuwalanalla/i- is a denominal adjective (probably substantivized later), and the suffix -i(ya)- also derives adjectives from nouns. As a result, this Glossenkeilwort is a Luwian foreign word or loanword in Hittite.

[A.B.]