/wala/, wa/i-la
‘fatally’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 1049
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/wala/, wa/i-la
‘fatally’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested six times in the HLuw. corpus. It can be found in inscriptions from Karkamiš and Tabal, which date to between the late 10th and 8th centuries BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| adv. | /wala/ |
(CRUX)wa/i-la |
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(“CRUX”)wa/i-lu/a/i |
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wa/i-la |
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wa/i-[la] |
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| CRUX | ÇALAPVERDİ 2, l. 1§1 (Tabal) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
With nearly all possible spelling variations attested regarding the use of logograms and syllabograms, the phonological interpretation of this lexeme can be seen as assured. This certainty is further bolstered by the evidence provided by other members of the word family around /wala-/ ‘to die’. In contrast to the verb /wala-/ ‘to die’, however, the spelling of the present lexeme does not involve the logogram MORI (*386.*381) at all, but instead relies fully on CRUX (*309).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The connection between /wala/ and the verb /wala-/ ‘to die’ was drawn early on (attributed to M. Kalaç, see Hawkins 1981a:152). Because the verb /wala-/ means ‘to die’ when combined with the pre-verb ARHA /ahha/, but does not appear to have the same meaning without it, Hawkins 1981a: 169 suggests that the adverb /wala/, which likewise appears without /ahha/, expresses a sense such as ‘with suffering’. However, that need not be the case, as /wala-/ without /ahha/ may mean ‘to be about to die, to be dying’ (see discussion in /wala-/). Nearly all attestations of the adverb /wala/ occur in the apodoses of curse formulae, typically towards the end of an inscription. Mostly used to modify the verb /awi-(di)/ ‘to come’, it spells out the punishment that is to be expected by anyone harming the inscription in question or not obeying a command, i.e. ‘the gods come against him fatally’ vel sim.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The adverb is derived from the verb /wala-/ ‘to die’ (Hawkins 1981a:169).
[AH.B.]