/zarwani(ya)-/
‘of the horn’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 936
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/zurni(ya)-/, (“CORNU”)zú+ra/i-ni-
‘horn’1.1.1Transmission
This word is attested once on one of the letters found in Assur, but of unknown origin. It is dated to the 8th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. pl. | /zurni/ | (“CORNU”)zú+ra/i-ni | ASSUR letter f+g, §36 |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme has seen considerable discussion among scholars, because it is one of the core words with cognates across many Indo-European languages and, among other things, of interest in the Centum vs. Satem debate and the position of Luwian regarding this sound change (cf. e.g. the remarks already in Kronasser 1956a:229 and Gusmani 1969c:286). In addition to that, the word initial sign *448 in the HLuw. word was read 〈sù〉 for a long time, see the detailed discussion in Hawkins 2000a:35f., listing the reasons for giving preference to 〈sù〉 over 〈zú〉. The communis opinio has shifted to 〈zú〉 only relatively recently, after it was first formally proposed and explained by Melchert 1987a:201f., defended again in Melchert 2012a:210, and followed by Yakubovich 2010d:66f. n. 58, Simon 2012b:171 and others.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
Since this word belongs to the core vocabulary in the Indo-European languages, its meaning was assigned almost at once, see Hrozný 1933b:236, 238f., and quickly found general acceptance. The expressive logogram CORNU (*108) served as a first clue, even when the decipherment of the following signs took rather longer, see discussion under phonological interpretation. The assigned meaning is also supported by the context in ASSUR letter f+g, §36, because /zurni/ is followed by /unas/ ‘of drinking’ in the clause: a-la-wa/i-ra+a-ti-ha-wa/i-mu(URBS) (“CORNU”)zú+ra/i-ni (BIBERE)u-na-sa sa-na-wa/i-ia MAGNUS+ra/i-ia-a VIA-wa/i-ni-i, i.e. /Alawaradi=ha=wa=mu zurni unas sanawiya uraiya harwanni/ ‘From the city of Alawara, send me drinking horns, good (and) big!’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:537).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Within its context, the form can be identified as a nom./acc. pl. of a neuter noun, featuring a zero ending. As this form is the only one attested, the shape of the stem is somewhat opaque. Melchert 2012a:210 regards it as a dental stem /zurnid-/, which is possible, though not very likely because of the loss of the stem final dental. Alternatively, Oettinger 2017a:601 incl. n. 21 (following a suggestion by Yakubovich) suggests /zurni(ya)-/, which accommodates the attested form more easily in its paradigm.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
zarwani(ya)-
‘of the horn’1.2.1Transmission
The sole attestation of this word comes from an incantation of the Kuwattalla tradition.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| abl./instr. | za-ar-wa-ni-ia-ti | KUB 35.43 ii 13 | (CTH 761, NS) |
1.2.3Meaning
The adjectival form zarwaniyati is used as attribute to modify its head noun arpuwanāti ‘with the crook’ (cf. Otten 1953a:99 for the syntactic analysis). The meaning was first noted in CLL:30 and 281No meaning is offered in DLL:114., where Melchert referred to the function of the zarwaniyati arpuwanāti as a “means by which a ram is to drive away evils.” His semantic interpretation is amply confirmed by parallel passages that have either arpuwanāti ‘with the crook’ or SI-nati ‘with the horn(s)’ in its place (for a complete list, see Oettinger 2019a:462-464) and found broad acceptance (Rieken 2003a:49, Simon 2008a:24, EDHIL:446f., Oettinger 2019a:462f.).
[E.R.]
1.2.4Stem
As implied in CLL:281, zarwani(ya)- is a relational adjective in -i(ya)- derived from a base ending in -n-. The latter is interpreted by Yakubovich (pers. comm.) as the oblique stem of a heteroclitic noun *zarwar/zarwan-, but this awaits further confirmation. An equivalent of HLuw. /zurn-/ would likewise be possible, or even a mutated stem zarwann(i)- with defective spelling of the geminate nasal (cf. mannaḫuwann(i)- ‘nose’, another body part name in -wann(i)- in the same passages).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head, see PAnat. *k̑Er(-eh2)-u̯r̥/un-.