trpplẽ
‘triple’
- Language
- Lycian B
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 616
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian B
trpplẽ
‘triple’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in various grave inscriptions as well as on the inscribed pillar of Xanthos dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | trpplẽ | TL 44c.53 (Xanthos) |
1.1.3Meaning
The meaning of the words tbiplẽ trpplẽ has always been clear from an Indo-European perspective, i.e. ‘double, triple’ (Bugge 1899a:59f., Meriggi 1936b:266f., Shevoroshkin 2002a:231, DLL:131, Schürr 2016d:172). This is also supported contextually, since the passage refers to some exploit king Gergis performs: trm͂miliz tbiplẽ trpplẽ tuburiz pduradi xuzruwẽtiz xãzbi … (TL 44c.53) ‘He carries in (the city of) Kandyba, etc., double triple Lycian tuburiz xuzruwẽtiz’.
[D.S.]
For the morpheme -plẽ and its origin see under Lycian B -plẽ.
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Lyc. B trpplẽ can be projected into Proto-Anatolian as *tri-plóm, in which the -i- was syncopated in Pre-Lycian.
[D.S.]
3. Proto-Indo-European
3.1Semantic Reconstruction
Both exact cognates of Lyc. B trpplẽ ‘triple’, Gk. τριπλός ‘threefold, thrice’ and Lat. triplus ‘threefold’, have identical meanings. Their second compound member is also attested with the numeral ‘two’ (cf. Lyc. B tbiplẽ ‘twice’). The already PIE compound *tri‑pló‑ can thus be reconstructed with the meaning ‘threefold, triple, thrice’.
For the original semantics of the formation and the semantic prehistory of the second compound member, cf. PIE *-pló- ‘-fold’.
3.2Morphological Reconstruction
Lyc. B trpplẽ ‘triple’, Gk. τριπλός ‘threefold, thrice’, and Lat. triplus ‘threefold’ as well as the continuants of the corresponding formations meaning ‘twice’ (cf. Lyc. B tbiplẽ ‘twice’) attest the word formation of this kind of multiplicatives: the compositional, thus zero-grade variant of the numeral (here: *tri- ‘3‑’, cf. PAnat. *téri-/tri-´ ‘3’, Lyc. A trisñne/i- ‘three years old’ ‘three years old’) is compounded with *‑pl- and suffixed with the accented thematic vowel *‑ó‑.Dunkel does not mention *tri-pl-ó- ‘thrice’ although ‘once’ (*sm̥-pl-ó-, LIPP II:676) and ‘twice’ (*du̯i-pl-ó-, LIPP II:172, cf. also Lyc. B tbiplẽ ‘twice’) are discussed.The preform can thus be reconstructed as PIE *tri‑pl‑ó‑.
For the type of word formation and the etymology of the second compound member, cf. PIE *-pló- ‘-fold’.
[A.O.]
4. Transmission
Gk. adj. τριπλόος, ‑πλοῦς ‘thrice, triple’ (Pi.+)As is shown by Cret./Herac. adv. (< loc. sg.) διπλει, διπλη ‘twofold, twice’ (cf. Lyc. B tbiplẽ ‘twice’) and Hom. adv. (< dat./loc.) τριπλῇ (Il.1.128, cf. below), Gk. -πλό(ϝ)ος is secondary, cf. IEW:802f. The exact processes leading from Gk. ‑πλός* to -πλό(ϝ)ος are not entirely clear, but cf. the comment on Gk. ἁπλό([ϝ]ο)ς s.v. PIE *-pló- ‘-fold’ for a proposal.
Hom. adv. (dat./loc.) τριπλῇ ‘thrice’ (hapax, Il.1.128)
GEW I:121f., DELG:97, 1131, EDG:117, Waanders 1992a:383f., LSJ:1821, LSJSuppl:296
Lat. triplus ‘threefold’ (Cic.+, rare), OFr., Span. treble
Umbr. abl. pl. tripler ‘three each’ (IgT Va 21)Lat. (tri-)plex ‘(three-)fold’ may not belong here, cf. for various suggestions LIPP II:676 n. 33 and PIE *-pló- ‘-fold’.
WH II:540, EM:517, 701, EDLIL:475, M-L:8913, Coleman 1992a:423, Untermann 2000a:767, OLD²:2178