/
tiššā(i)-
‘to shape, mold’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 4077
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
/tiššā(i)-
1.1.1Transmission
The verb occurs in a broad range of text types including oracle reports, historical texts, letters, instructions, the Hurrian-Hittite bilingual, and mythological texts (from MS onwards).
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 1sg. pres. act. | ti-iš-ša-a-mi | KUB 31.58 rev. 7’ | (CTH 585, NS) |
| ti-iš-ša-mi | KUB 31.63 rev. 17’ | (CTH 585, NS) | |
| ti-iš-ša-[a-mi] | KUB 56.1 i 18 | (CTH 585, NS) | |
| 3pl. pres. act. | ti-eš-ša-an-zi | KUB 22.51 obv. 12’, 13’ | (CTH 577, NS) |
| KUB 50.108, 9’, 10’ | (CTH 578, NS) | ||
| 3sg. pret. act. | ti-iš-ša-a-it | KBo 32.14 ii 43 | (CTH 789, MS) |
| ti-ša-in-ta |
KUB 5.9 i 5 | (CTH 579, NS) | |
| 2sg. impv. act. | ti-iš-ša-a-i |
KUB 36.12 iii 14’ | (CTH 345, NS) |
| part. nom./acc. sg. n. | ⸢ti⸣-iš-ša-a-an | KUB 21.38 obv. 59 | (CTH 173pl. pret. act.6, NS) |
| ti-iš-ša-an | KUB 33.102 ii 15 | (CTH 345, NS) | |
| [t]i-eš-ša-an | KUB 33.98 ii 13 | (CTH 345, NS) | |
| 1sg. pres. act. impf. | ti-eš-ša-eš-k[e-m]i |
KUB 23.1 iv 20 | (CTH 105, NS) |
| 1sg. impv. act. impf. | ti-eš-ša-eš-ki | KUB 23.1 iv 22 | (CTH 105, NS) |
| 3sg. pres. act. impf. or 2sg. impv act. impf. | t[i-i]t-ti-eš-ša-i | KUB 31.99 obv. 15 | (CTH 275, NS) |
egir-pa ti-eš-ša-an-za ‘resurrectus’ (KUB 31.77 i 9) has to be interpreted as egir-pa ti-eš-ša-an-za; cf. HEG T:378. – Due to the fragmentary context, the morphological analysis and assignment of t[i-i]t-ti-eš-ša-i at KUB 31.99 obv. 15 to the lemma are uncertain (more optimistic HW:459, Dempsey 2015a:245).
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. For the i/e variation between alveolar consonants, see Rieken 1996a:296 and Yakubovich 2010d:308-315.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘to shape, mold; make ready, prepare’
As pointed out by Neu 1988b:238f. and Rieken 2002b:408f., the meanings ‘to shape, mold; make ready, prepare’ are sufficient to account for all contexts (accepted in HHw:174, 177, HEG T:377, Dempsey 2015a:245, DCL:s.v.). They also explain the asyndetic construction with the near-synonymous Hittite verb ḫandā(i)-(mi). Naturally, the verb with the bleached meaning is suitable to be used for many different objects, such as shaped cups, investigations carried out, prepared coaches, mustered armies etc. A detailed presentation of the contexts is offered in HEG T:377-379.Outdated is the restriction to ‘to move’ or ‘to set on one’s feet’ inspired by the tentative connection with tiye/a-(mi) ‘to step’. It was suggested first by Laroche (DLL:97) and adopted in HW:221f., 333, 427, Oettinger 1979a:382, Hoffmann 1985a:206f., Ünal 2007a:718; no translation is provided in CLL:227; Kronasser 1966a:475: ‘to animate, resurrect’; for a research history up until the 1980ies, see Hoffmann 1985a:206-208.
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
The stem of the simplex (i.e. unreduplicated) verb in Hittite ends in -ā(i)-(mi), fully compatible with the 3pl. stem tišai- in the gloss wedge marked form ti-ša-in-ta.
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
The Luwian origin of the verb can be regarded as broadly consensual; cf. DLL:97, Oettinger 1979a:382, CLL:227, Hoffmann 1985a:206f., HEG T:379, HHw:177, Rieken 2002b: 410, Melchert 2005a:449, 450, van den Hout 2006a:240, 243, 245, DCL:s.v. (different Ünal 2007a:718, who identifies tiššan, now interpreted as the Hittite participle of tiššā(i)-, with the Hurrian adverb tiššan). Indicators are the use of the gloss wedges, the Luwian inflectional form ti-ša-in-ta, the Luwian cognate words, and the evident etymology.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *tišš-.