/pasku(wa)-/
‘to reject, ignore’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 4002
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/paskwa-/, pa-sà-kwa/i-
‘to neglect’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Tabal, dating to c. 740-730 BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. act. | /paskwai/ | pa-sà-kwa/i-i | SULTANHAN, §20 (Tabal) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb is secure. Its spelling is fully syllabic, and whatever room for interpretation remains because of the HLuw. writing system is mitigated by the cognate pašku(wa)- ‘to neglect’ (Hart apud Hawkins 1975a:119 n. 9); see below. The use of the sign 〈sà〉 instead of any of the other SA signs shows the quality of the sibilant to be /ʃ/ (see Rieken 2010b:657).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning is assigned based on the likely cognate link with pašku(wa)- ‘to neglect’, see Hawkins 2000a:469, and borne out by the context. The passage at SULTANHAN, §20 is part of the protasis of a curse formula: ni-pa-wa/i-ta ARHA pa-sà-kwa/i-i, approx. /niba=wa=an=tta ahha paskwai/, meaning ‘or (who) shall neglect him’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:466).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb most likely belongs to the stems in /-a-(i)/, cf. Sasseville 2021a:340-342, and represents a deradical formation.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Luwian (Glossenkeilwörter)
pašku(wa)-
1.2.1Transmission
The forms with Luwian endings are found in a babilili recitation, whereas the gloss wedge marked form comes from a votive text. Further attestations without any indications of a Luwian origin are found in CHD P:208.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. act. | [pa-aš-k]u-ti | KUB 39.71 iv 20 | (CTH 718, NS) |
| 1sg. pret. act. | ⸢⸣pa-aš-ku-wa-nu-un |
KUB 60.60 l. col. 10’ | (CTH 590, NS) |
| 3sg. impv. act. | pa-aš-ku-tu4 | KUB 39.71 iv 20 | (CTH 718, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – Contra CHD P:209, there is no reason to read -ku!- with exclamation mark, since the sign looks exactly like the -ku- ibid. l. col. 7’. Thus, the reading and assignment of the word to the present lemma is certain.Outdated in this respect is Groddek 2006a:61: ]x-pa-aš-šu-u̯a-nu-un.
[E.R.]
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
See under Stem.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning ‘to reject, ignore, neglect, remove’
The semantic range of the verb was first elucidated by Güterbock 1957a:355 (‘to reject, ignore, neglect, remove’) based on the Hittite-Akkadian Ḫattušili bilingual (translating Akk. lā teperikkianni) and contextual analysis. It is generally accepted; cf. Oettinger 1979a:334f., CHD P:209, HHw:127, HEG P:523f., Ünal 2007a:531, EDHIL:651f. In 2011, a modification was presented by Puhvel (HED PA:190, followed in DCL:183), viz. ‘to discharge; forsake, reject’, focusing more on the aggressive aspect of the action.For the first attempts, e.g. by Friedrich 1925a:288 (HW:165), who suggested ‘to forget’ and only closely missed the mark, see the references in CHD P:209. Beckman’s (Beckman 2014a:23, 38, 90) interpretation of paškuwanun as ‘to swallow’ (derived from a -ške/a- imperfective stem of pašš- ‘to swallow’??) is semantically and morphologically impossible.
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
As already seen by Güterbock 1957a:355, but laid out in detail in EDHIL:651f., several of the forms, among them the Luwian form [pa-aš-k]u-ti, belong to a stem pašku-. Kloekhorst (ibid.) argues that the 3sg. ending -tta in paškutta shows the stem to be ending in a consonant, and the preservation of the velar in the Hieroglyphic Luwian reflex proves it to be voiceless. He concludes that the original stem was /paskw-/, and later adapted to the stems in -ā(i)-(mi). However, the Luwian forms with lenited endings cited above may point to /pa-sku-/, which would represent a prefixed root verb.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
- fPaškuwā- (Zehnder 2010a:244f.; HEG P:524)
- fPaškuwammi- (Zehnder 2010a:244f.; HEG P:524)
- fPaškuwatti- (Zehnder 2010a:244f.; HEG P:524)
1.2.7Origin
The use of gloss wedges, the lenited verbal endings, and the etymological match in Hieroglyphic Luwian point to a Luwian origin of the verb (HED P:191; cf. also Güterbock 1957a:355, EDHIL:651f., HED PE, PI, PU:3, Puhvel 2016a: 318, DCL:183).
[E.R.]