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tarpanallašša-(i)
‘to fill another’s position’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Class
- Compound
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3959
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian (Glossenkeilwörter)
/tarpanallašša-(i)
1.1.1Transmission
All attestations come from the New Hittite treaty of Muršili II with Kupanta-Kurunta.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. act. | tar-pa-na-al-la-aš-ša-a[t-ta] |
KBo 4.3 ii 30’ | (CTH 68, NS) |
| tar-pa-na-a[l-la-aš-ša-at-ta] |
KBo 4.7 iii 13’ | (CTH 68, NS) | |
| [tar-p]a-na-al-la-aš-ša-at-ta |
KUB 6.41 iii 54 | (CTH 68, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘to fill another’s position, to substitute, usurp, be a rival’
In the treaty text, the Hittite king complains about Mašḫuiluwa: “and he made my subjects take oaths (linganušket) against me, and he t.-ed (against) me” (KUB 6.41 iii 54; cf. CHD L-N:277). Following Friedrich 1926a:128, 174 and Güterbock 1946a:56, the verb was translated as ‘to become a rebel, to instigate a riot’ (HW:216, Kronasser 1962-1966a:479, Heinhold-Krahmer 1977a:288, Beckman 1999a:73). Later, Güterbock 1956a:124 himself withdrew his interpretation. Connecting the verb with tarpalla/i- ‘substitute’, he tried to accommodate the etymological and the contextual evidence by translating the passage as ‘he put himself in my place’. Both verb forms (linganušket and tarpanallaššatta) are marked as imperfectives, signaling that the two actions are performed concurrently. Making the vassals swear an oath is in fact taking over the king’s role. Other authors basically accepted the concept, but rendered the word more idiomatically with ‘to usurp’ (DLL:94, Starke 1990a:233) or ‘to become a rival’ (CHD L-N:277, CLL:215, Melchert 1994a:79, Sasseville 2021a:501, DCL:s.v.) or combined the meanings (HHw:169, HEG T:209). Given the semantic ambiguity of the root(s) tarp- ‘step, trample’ but also ‘replace, substitute’, the last-mentioned strategy is adopted here (as done by Ünal 2007a:699).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
The reconstructed base *tarpan- (see under tarpani(ya)-) was derived with the adjectival suffix -alla/i-. Finally, after the substantivization and lexicalization (see under Meaning), an imperfective verb stem in -šša-(i) was formed.
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
The use of the gloss wedges, the Luwian root, suffixes and ending leave no doubt about the Luwian origin of the verb (see HW:216, Kronasser 1966a:479, DLL:94, Heinhold-Krahmer 1977a:288, Starke 1990a:233, HEG T:209, CLL:215, Melchert 1994a:79, HHw:169, Sasseville 2021a:501, DCL:s.v.).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *tarp-.