/humma-/
‘pigsty’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3782
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
*/humma-/
‘pigsty’1.1.1Derivatives
1.2 Luwian (Glossenkeilwörter)
/
ḫūmma-
1.2.1Transmission
The attestations of the noun come from a variety of genres, viz. a lexical list, the Apology of Ḫattušili, the Zuwi-ritual, a myth, and an oracle report (from MS onwards).
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| nom. sg. | ḫu-um-ma-aš | KBo 1.36 iv 7’ | (CTH 301, NS) |
| ⸢É?⸣ḫu-u-um-ma-aš | KBo 26.136 obv. 18’ | (CTH 339, MS) | |
| dat./loc. sg. | ]ḫu-u-um-ma | KUB 1.8 iv 12’ | (CTH 81, NS) |
| ḫu-u-um-ma |
KBo 3.6 iii 57 | (CTH 81, NS) | |
| ḫu-[u-um-ma] |
KUB 1.1 iv 26 | (CTH 81, NS) | |
| dat./loc. sg. (Hitt.) | ḫu-u-um-mi | KUB 35.148 iii 42’ | (CTH 412, NS) |
| abl./instr. (Hitt.) | Éḫu-um-ma-za | KBo 24.120, 5’ | (CTH 572, NS) |
Melchert (CLL:72) recognized that ḫūmma represents a Luwian dat./loc. sg. as expected in the syntax of the clause; contra Otten 1981a:87 “allative” and Starke 1990a:283 with n. 961 “nom./acc. pl. n.”.
[E.R.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
Based on the lexical list KBo 1.36+ (Erim-ḫuš, see Civil & Güterbock 1985a:120) and Ḫattušili’s report (Apology iv 26, Otten 1981a:24f.) that he locked up Urḫi-Teššub in Šamuḫa like a pig in the pigsty (ḫūmma), the semantic elucidation of the word took place in the early years of Hittitology (Götze 1925a:101, Sommer & Ehelolf 1924a:56 n. 2; cf. also HW:74, DLL:47, Kronasser 1966a:165, HEG A-K:283f., Starke 1990a:283f., CLL:72, HED H:373, HHw:54, Ünal 2007a:229, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:712 with references and contexts).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
The locatival semantics of the form in -a (‘in the pigsty’) in texts from the 13th c. BCE points to a dat./loc. sg. built from a Luwian common gender a-stem (see under Forms). The expected abstract meaning, i.e. ‘enclosure’ vel sim., was concretized (see under Meaning). In the process of borrowing, the lexeme entered the Hittite a-stems (cf. the dat./loc. sg. in -i).Unfounded is the classification as a -m(ma)n- stem by Starke 1990a:283f.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
1.2.7Origin
The use of the gloss wedge marking together with the suggested connection with CLuw. ḫūm(ma)t(i)- has long been regarded as an indicator of Luwian origin (DLL:47, HEG A-K:283f., Starke 1990a:283f., CLL:72, Melchert 2005a:450, van den Hout 2006a:239, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:712).
[E.R.]