*trui̯élo/i-

There is possible two lexemes here, depending on whether the oracular term belongs together with the divine epithet, which is why two tables are used here. As an oracular term, it is found in the ritual of the augur Ḫuwarlu (CTH 398) and in bird oracles, whereas as a divine epithet it is found in the AN.TAḪ.ŠUM festival (CTH 616), and in a festival text for protective gods of the river, which is the same text as the last one mentioned.

[D.S.]

acc. sg. c.	tar-u-ia-al-li-˹in˺	KUB 51.79 rev.? 21’	(CTH 684, NS)
	tar-u-ia-a[l-li-in]	KUB 58.43 v 7’	(CTH 616, NS)
		KUB 58.43 v 8’	(CTH 616, NS)

Oracular context:

nom. sg. c.	tar-ú-i-ia-al-li-iš	KBo 4.2 ii 27’	(CTH 398, NS)
	tar-u-ia-al-˹li˺-iš	KUB 50.1 iii 12’	(CTH 573, MS)
	tar-u-ia-li-iš	KUB 50.1 ii 5’	(CTH 573, MS)
		KUB 50.1 iii 17’	(CTH 573, MS)
		KBo 22.263, 6’	(CTH 573, MS)
	tar-u-ia-li-i[š]	KUB 50.1 ii 11’	(CTH 573, MS)
nom. sg. or pl. c. (?)	tar-u-ia-li-e-eš	KBo 22.263, 4’	(CTH 573, MS)
nom. sg. c.	tar-ú-i-ia-al-li-iš	KBo 4.2 ii 27’	(CTH 398, NS)
adv.	tar-wa-li12-an	KUB 52.75 obv. 17’	(CTH 573, NS)
	tar-wa-˹li12-an˺	KUB 52.75 obv. 16’	(CTH 573, NS)
	[tar-]wa-li12-an	KUB 52.75 obv. 15’	(CTH 573, NS)

McMahon 1991a:198f. reads an additional attestation, though in the dat./loc. sg., at KUB 51.79 rev.^? 17’, i.e. [tar-u-i]a-al-li, which is not provable. Differently, Popko & Taracha 1988a:102, who read [^DKa-]a-al-li, although there are traces of two horizontals before the sign 〈a〉, which are not entirely compatible with the sign 〈ka〉; in any case more evidence is needed.

In oracle texts, the word is often abbreviated (those examples are not listed in the table), for which see Archi 1975a:178f., HEG T:248f., Sakuma 2009a:105f. For the adverbial use in -iyan, see HEG T:249. Notice also the loss of the glide -y- in the sequence w_a in the adv. tar-wa-li₁₂-an.

[D.S.]

In the ritual text of Ḫuwarlu, the adjective taruyalla/i- refers to a bird flying in by an oracular inquiry (see Bawanypeck 2005a:30f., 42 though without translation). It is also used in oracle texts as the epithet of certain oracle birds, e.g. zamnaššiš^MUŠEN and tapaššiš^MUŠEN both names of Luwian origin. In his dissertation on oracle texts, Sakuma 2009a:466 explains taruyalla/i- in the following way, i.e. ‘im tar.-Bereich’; referring not to a kind of flying movement of the bird but to an area into which the bird flies.

In the AN.DAḪ.ŠUM festival context, it appears as a divine epithet. It is left untranslated by Popko & Taracha 1988a:107. However, Popko & Taracha 1988a:112 suggest that taruyalla/i- is a derivative of the divine name Tarwi-, which is attested in similar contexts. Though formally possible, this does not shed light on the semantics or even on the role of the derivative in -alla/i- in the context of the festival text.McMahon 1991a:204 comments at length on the word without suggesting any meaning, but discards rightly the association with Hitt. ^GIŠtarwāli- n. meaning either ‘pestle’ or ‘mortar’.Likewise to be discarded is the etymological association with ^GIŠtāru- ‘wood’ suggested by Weitenberg 1984a:49.Eichner 1993a:145 equates the Lyc. B adjective trujele/i- with Luw. taruyalla/i-, phonologically and morphologically a perfect match, and suggests the meaning ‘with rolling eyes, furious’, thinking of Hitt. targuwalliye/a-^(mi) ‘to glare’ (HEG T:183f. with further literature) and the root of *terk^u̯- ‘to roll’ (> with PAnat. lenition *terg^u̯-, Hitt. tarku-, CLuw. tarw-), which is preserved in Anatolian in the meaning ‘to dance’. However, one could adduce instead a semantically more adequate root, i.e. PIE *terg^u̯- ‘to threaten, scare (vel sim.)’ (Skt. tarjati ‘to threaten’, Gk. ταρβέω ‘to scare’), which would not affect the meaning suggested by Eichner and would fit both the Cuneiform and the Lycian B contexts, in which the adjective functions as an epithet of a deity. Concerning its use in oracle texts however, it remains more difficult to determine; the attribution of the approximate sense ‘with rolling eyes, furious’ to a bird as referring to its flying movement appears unsuitable. On the other hand, if Sakuma 2009a:466 is correct that taruyalla/i- refers to an area in the context of bird oracle, any original meaning might fit the technical term and, therefore, it would be of no help in determining the etymology.

[D.S.]

This lexeme has an adjectival stem in -alla/i-.

[D.S.]

Not only the equation with the Lycian B cognate trujele/i-, but also the adjectival stem in -alla/i- betrays its Luwian origin, and if the posited etymology is correct, the sound change *g^u̯ > /w/ would confirm its Luwian status. This word has so far garnered little attention in the literature on Cuneiform Luwian.

[D.S.]

This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).

[D.S.]

The adjective trujele/i- refers to the god Natri-Apollo in TL 44c.34, whereas in TL 44c.59 it agrees with erẽple ‘deities (?)’.Eichner 1993a:145 suggests on contextual grounds the meaning ‘furious’, an adjective suited for the offended deities, using an etymological connection with CLuw. taruiyalla/i- translating it with ‘with rolling eyes, furious (?)’ (see under CLuw. cognate) This is accepted and further defended by Sasseville 2021d.

Differently, Shevoroshkin 1977a:135 takes truijeli to be a designation of the Lycian B dialect and translates it with ‘Milyan’, whereas Melchert (DLL:132) posits that it is an ethnicon referring to the Lycian town Trusa (followed by Gehrisch 2018a:82). In the end, even Schürr 2013d:265 (and Schürr 2016d:147, 172) takes truijeli to be an ethnicon referring to famous Troy, i.e. ‘Trojan’. However, none of these hypotheses are remotely convincing or even independently supported and, therefore, Eichner’s hypothesis is kept here.

[D.S.]

The lexeme is an adjective in -ele/i- (corresponding to Luw. -alla/i-; see Sasseville 2014-2015a), derived from a non-attested base. It is a suffix distinct from -ili, contra Heubeck 1959a:70.

[D.S.]