arallā(i)-(mi)
‘to make into a companion’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3340
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
arallā(i)-(mi)
‘to make into a companion’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the prayer of Puduḫepa for the Sun-goddess of Arinna (CTH 384), in a ritual text (CTH 448) and in a fragment of a letter (CTH 209).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. ind. act. | a-ra-a-la-iz-zi | KUB 43.55 iii 12 | (CTH 448, LNS) |
| 3pl. pres. ind. act. | a-ra-la-a-an-˹zi˺ | KBo 18.89, 10’ | (CTH 209, LNS) |
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | ˹a˺-ra-al-la-a-it | KUB 21.27 i 11 | (CTH 384, NS) |
| inf. | ˹a-ra-la˺-a-u-wa-an-zi | KBo 18.89, 9’ | (CTH 209, LNS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv). The vacillation between the single and geminate -l- can be explained via the Luwian suffix -alla- vs. the Hittite suffix -āla-; see under Origin.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of the transitive verb arallā(i)-(mi) ‘to make someone into or to give/take someone as a companion’ is obtained not only from the context of the prayer (KUB 21.27 i 11), in which Puduḫepa states that the Sun-goddess has aralla-ed Hattušili to her, but also from the ritual text (KUB 43.55 iii 12), in which it expresses a reciprocal attitude between a deity and a person (HW 2nd ed. A:248, HEG A:52, Sürenhagen 1981a:109, Haas 1988a:92, Ünal 1991a:813; outdated Götze 1950d:393 “to marry”). The semantics are further supported by the HLuw. cognate /aralla(/i)-/ ‘companion’ and by the Hittite cognate arā- c. ‘friend, companion’ (HEG A:52, see already van Brock 1962a:129).
[D.S.]
1.1.5Stem
The denominative verb in -ā(i)-(mi) (corresponding to CLuw. -ā(i)-(di)) is derived from a noun *aralla(/i)- (matching HLuw. /aralla(/i)-/). The suffix is more likely to be non-mutated and to reflect the Luwian individualizing suffix -alla- c. (see Sasseville 2014-2015a). The stem-final -a- (< *-eh2-) perhaps finds a match in the noun aralaḫḫa- c. ‘(a title)’ (HW 2nd ed. A:248), which would appear to have preserved the laryngeal thanks to the additional suffixation in -a-. However, the etymological approach used here cannot yet be confirmed independently.
[D.S.]
1.1.6Origin
Melchert 2005a:450 suggests tentatively arallā(i)-(mi) to be a Luwianism, most likely based on the suffix -alla(/i)-. This can be further supported by the HLuw. cognate /aralla(/i)-/ ‘companion’, which would correspond to the derivational base of the present lemma. However, the three attestations with the single spelling of -l- may reflect a genuine Hittite stem in -āla- c. (i.e. Hitt. *arāla- c.) or simply a Hittite influence on the Luwianism. Either of these options would be preferable to attributing this graphic reduction to the carelessness of the scribe. Overall, the status of this lemma as a Luwianism is accepted here.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *ara-.