šiwari-^(ti) (šiwariyā(i)-)

So far, the verb is found exclusively in NS letters.

[E.R.]

1sg. pres. act.	ši-⸢wa!-ri-ia-⸢wi5⸣	KUB 19.55 lower edge 4	(CTH 182, NS)
	ši-ú-wa-ri-⸢wi5⸣	KUB 40.1 rev.! 42	(CTH 203, NS)
2sg. pres. act.	ši-wa-ri-eš-ši	KUB 23.97 ii 13	(CTH 210, NS)
3sg.? pret.? act.	ši-wa-ri-ia-i[t?]	KUB 21.38 rev. 16	(CTH 176, NS)
3sg. pret. act.	ši-wa-ri-ia-it	KUB 21.38 rev. 16	(CTH 176, NS)
unknown	ši-wa-ri-x[    ]	KBo 18.23 obv. 10’	(CTH 209, NS)
	ši-wa-a[r-   ]	KBo 12.28, 7’	(CTH 832, NS)

The restoration of ši-wa-ri-ia-i[t^?] at KUB 21.38 rev. 16 follows the like form attested in the same line (see HED SE, SI and SU:113; inconsistent CHD Š:493).

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The spelling with -ú- at KUB 40.1 rev.^! 42 makes the reading igi-wari(ya)- for *šakuwari(ya)- (thus Stefanini 1964a:16f., 50-53) impossible, since only -wa- (as in consistent igi^ḪI.A-wa) would be expected; cf. HED SE, SI and SU:113.

[E.R.]

Whereas several scholars in the last century preferred not to translate the verb (e.g. Sommer 1932a:231, Güterbock 1956a:124, HW:333, 387, DLL:87, CLL:195, HHw:153), others interpreted it as ‘to deny, withhold’ (since Helck 1963a:93 followed in Ünal 2007a:641, CHD Š:493f., HED SE, SI and SU:112f., DCL:s.v.; similar Stefanini 1964a:16f., 50-53 ‘to subtract, stint’, Kronasser 1966a:499 and HEG Š:1094f. ‘to dishonor’; more references in CHD Š:493f.). Ditransitive, the verb takes a person as its indirect object and an item, abstract noun or person as its direct object. Once, it is used in an absolute construction. The following passage is especially informative regarding the semantics: (You raised [...] for me, but now you keep sending [...]) ammuk=ma=wa egir-pa šiwariešši ammuk=wa uiya “but from me you are withholding. Send to me!” (KUB 23.97 ii 11-13; CHD Š:494). Therefore, the meaning is accepted here with confidence.

[E.R.]

The shape of the stem final suffix varies considerably between -i-^(ti), -iya- (both with Luwian inflection), and -iya(i)- (with Hittite inflection). An assignment of several forms to the class in -i(ya)-^(di) is precluded by the shape of the base (šiwar-), which is not reconcilable with a deradical formation.

[E.R.]

For names that were assigned to the present lemma but rejected later, see HEG Š:1095.

[E.R.]

The Luwian origin of the verb emerges from the use of the gloss wedge, the 1sg. pres. act. ending -wi, and the variable stem formation in Hittite context (for the same conclusion, see already Sommer 1932a:231, followed in Güterbock 1956a:124 for some forms, HW:333, 387, DLL:87, CLL:194, HHw:153, HEG Š:1094f.).

[E.R.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. šīwar-.