annišan
‘formerly, once’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3309
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
annišan
‘formerly, once’1.1.1Transmission
Most of the approx. 20 occurrences of the adverb come from historical texts and oracle reports (all NS). Several further attestations are listed in HW 2nd ed. A:94 and HED A, E, I:52.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | an-ni-ša-an | KUB 19.39 iii 7’ | (CTH 61, NS) |
| KUB 5.12 rev. 11 | (CTH 582, NS) | ||
| an-ni-ša-[an] | KBo 43.51, 11’ | (CTH 570, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The spelling is consistently an-ni-ša-an with singleton -š- (checked against the files in the Hethitologie-Archiv Mainz), as already observed by Friedrich 1926a:152.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The early semantic interpretation as ‘formerly, once’ by Friedrich 1926a:151f. is generally accepted (see HW:22, HED A, E, I:52, HW 2nd ed. A:94, HEG A-K:31, HHw:16, Ünal 2007a:30, EDHIL:173).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
The morphological analysis of annišan as anni + -šan (comparable to Hitt. ki-ššan ‘thus’, but with singleton -š-) has long been seen (Forrer 1922a:208, Götze 1925a:115, Kronasser 1956a:155, Kronasser 1966a:357f., HED A, E, I:52; contra Friedrich 1926a:152). Eichner 1980a:162 (contra Kronasser 1966a:357f.) suggests plausibly that -šan represents an allomorph of -ššan with the simplification of the sibilant between unstressed vowels. Regarding the origin of -š(š)an, the consensus of the past decades is that it is identical to the local particle -š(š)an (see Eichner 1992a:46, followed by Melchert 1994a:153f., EDHIL:718).
In view of the similar semantics of annaz(a) ‘formerly, once upon a time’, annalla/i- ‘old, ancient’ and the present lemma annišan ‘formerly, once upon a time’, it is obvious that the initial sequence anni can be analyzed as the dat./loc. sg. of anna/i- ‘that yonder’ (HEG A-K:31, HED A, E, I:52, Melchert 1994a:153f., EDHIL:718, Goedegebuure 2014a:218; cf. also zamni-šan and ḫuratti-šan at KBo 3.8 iii 11f.).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
Based on the Luwian origin of anna/i- ‘that yonder’ and annalla/i- ‘old, ancient’, the first element of annišan, i.e. the dat./loc. anni, can likewise be classified as Luwian (Goedegebuure 2014a:218). The early borrowing of anna/i- (see under Lemma) and its full integration into Hittite makes possible the subsequent petrification of anni + -šan as a single lexeme.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see Luw. anna/i-.