*áp-endo
‘after’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3085
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/appanta/, [*a-]pa-tá
‘behind (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested once in an inscription from Emirgazi, dating to the 13th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /appanta/ | [*a-]pa-tá | EMİRGAZİ 2, §6 (Emirgazi) |
The attestation at EMİRGAZİ 2, §6 is recognised with Hawkins (pers. comm.) contra E. Masson 1979b:14.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation was first suggested by Meriggi 1966b:70 on the basis of wrongly interpreted data in his earlier 1962 work HHG:186f. Despite Laroche 1960c:204-206 assigning the phonetic value 〈ra/i〉 to the thorn-shaped sign *383 that attaches to a neighbouring sign, Meriggi omits this value when transliterating as “35,-ta” etc. the many attestations of what is today read as 〈POST+ra/i-ta/tá〉. That resulted in an erroneous phonological interpretationThis mis-transliteration found its way into HEG A-H:41. for the attestations he cites, but did yield a valid one for the present lemma, comparing the full cognates CLuw. appanda ‘afterwards’ and Hittite appanda ‘behind, afterwards’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning is assigned tentatively and relies first and foremost on the cognates CLuw. appanda ‘afterwards’ and Hittite appanda ‘behind, afterwards’, with heavy emphasis on the latter. This may be warranted, but contextually, the interpretation is difficult in HLuw. The only attestation available comes from EMİRGAZİ 2, a fragmented and ill-unterstood inscription, in which §6 is framed by incomplete clauses: kwa/i-ti-pa-wa/i-mu FINES-zi/a PRAE-na [*a-]pa-tá PONERE, approx. /kwadi=ba=wa=mu irhinzi? parran appanta tuwahha?/, perhaps translating as ‘As I put myself behind (i.e. advanced to?) before the borders’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
For the Hittite cognate, Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:6f. assume a compound consisting of appa ‘behind, after’ and anda ‘in(to)’, and their analysis can be applied to HLuw. /appanta/ as well, which fits well with the directional semantics they postulate.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
EGIR-anda
‘behind, after’1.2.1Transmission
This word is found once in a festival text.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| indecl. | egir-an-da | KUB 35.133 iii 17 | (CTH 665, LNS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reading ...-a]r ap-pa-an-da at KUB 25.37 ii 32’ proposed in Starke 1990a:42 (followed in Yakubovich 2017d; contra Starke 1985b:345: ...-a]r-ap-pa-an-da), which would supply another instance of āppanda, does not hold. First, there is no clear space between a]r and ap-. Secondly, one would expect an initial plene spelling in āppanda, whereas a mute vowel in ...-ar(a)ppanda would agree perfectly with the spelling conventions.
[E.R.]
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of egir-anda as /appanta/ in Cuneiform Luwian, parallel to Hittite, was never called into question (DLL:29, Starke 1982a:417 n. 43, Starke 1990a:42, CLL:21, HW 2nd ed. A:161, HED A, E, I:93, HHw:s.v., EDHIL:193).
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning ‘behind, after, in perpetuity’
Based on the semantic value of the logogram egir and the accepted equation with Hitt. egir-anda/āppanda ‘behind, after’, the same meaning is found for egir-anda in the handbooks (for references, see under Phonological interpretation). More precisely, Melchert 1989b:33 finds contextual support to specify its function as preverbial. In a solicitation of the Storm-god, he translates the combination with CLuw. šašša (impv.) plausibly as ‘to grant permanently, in perpetuity’ (cf. Hitt. āppan tarna- for the same sense).
[E.R.]
1.3 Lycian A
epñte
‘thereafter’1.3.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in three Lycian sepulchral inscriptions.
[O.B.]
1.3.2Forms
| indecl. | epñte | TL 106.3 (Limyra) |
| TL 109.5 (Limyra) | ||
| ep[ñt]e | TL 110.3 (Limyra) |
1.3.3Meaning
Since Pedersen 1945a:23, this lexeme has been connected to Hitt. appanda ‘backwards, later’, a perfect formal cognate to Lyc. A epñte (thus also Laroche 1959a:29, Starke 1982a:417 n. 43, HEG A-K:41, Neumann 2007a:63). Furthermore, the meaning ‘thereafter’ or similar is appropriate for all Lycian attestations (e.g. TL 110.2-3 se=ije ne : hrppi tadi tike : ep[ñt]e ‘thereafter one does not put anyone else in there’), and this is as such the consensual translation (similar sense found already in Torp 1901c:292, thus also Laroche 1979b:347, DLL:15, EDHIL:193, Schürr 2016d:159).
[O.B.]
1.4 Hittite
āppanda
‘behind, after’1.4.1Literature / Comments
HW 2nd ed. A:148-162
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘after’
The adverb āppanda found in Hittite, Luwian and Lyc. epn͂te can be anaylzed as *ap- + endo ‘inside’ (thus Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:6f.).On Anatolian compounds with *endo, see also Nikolaev 2010b.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. āppa.