ḫalti-

‘to call’

Language
Cuneiform Luwian
Grammar
verb
ID
3015

1. Individual Anatolian Languages

1.1 Cuneiform Luwian

ḫalti-

‘to call’

1.1.1Transmission

The verb is found only once in a song incipit from the Ištanuwa festival.

[E.R.]

1.1.2Forms

3sg. pres. med. ḫal-ti-it-ta-ri KBo 4.11 rev. 49 (CTH 772, NS)

Pace [10630]Sasseville 2021a:415 with further literature, it is not necessary to emend the form to a plural ḫal-ti-in!-ta-ri, since dingirMEŠ-zi does not function as the subject, but as an address in the vocative (see already Eichner 1993a:111 n. 59).

[E.R.]

1.1.3Graphic Features

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

1.1.4Meaning

The context at KBo 4.11 rev. 47-49 runs as follows: tap-pa-ši-tar ta-pa-la tap-pa-ši-tar ta-pa!-la la-am-ma-úr ti-ti-ia-a-la a-li-na-an ḫal-ti-it-ta-ri DINGIRMEŠ-zi “In the sky the storm-clouds, in the sky the storm-clouds are called with (their) foreign denomination "nourishing ones", oh Gods!” The translation and syntactic analysis are presented in detail under the lemma of alinna/i-. They take their starting point from several new suggestions by Sasseville 2021a:415, but differ considerably. However, regarding its semantics, there is a common sense that the verb is derived from the same root as Hitt. ḫalzāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to call, appeal’ since Pedersen 1938a:121 (accepted in Rosenkranz 1952a:81, Friedrich 1954-1956a:148 on account of the phonological match, Kronasser 1966a:84 and 198, HW:329 and 384, DLL:39, HEG A-K:140, Weitenberg 1984a:418 n. 193, CLL:49, Watkins 1995b:150, Jasanoff 2003a:93 and 11f., HED Ḫ:63, EDHIL:277, Sasseville 2021a:415). Both the meaning and its passive reading are perfectly compatible with the syntactic structure of the sentence, which lends further plausibility to the equation.

[E.R.]

1.1.5Stem

CLuw. ḫalti- was often regarded as a suppletive stem (Oppositionsmedium) of ḫalta-(ti) ‘to call’; cf. Weitenberg 1984a:418 n. 193, Jasanoff 2003a:93 and 112, HED Ḫ:63 with an erroneous phonological derivation, EDHIL:277, Melchert 1997c:88 (-i- < *-i̯e/o-). Although still subsuming the two stems under a single lemma ḫalta/i-, Melchert (in CLL:49) eventually pointed out that the two stems must be kept distinct. This is fully carried through only in Frotscher 2012a:183 and Sasseville 2021a:38 and 415, where ḫalta- and ḫalti- are treated as verbs of two different classes. With only the 3sg. pres. med. ḫaltittari attested, several synchronic classes must be considered possible: the verbs in -i-(ti), -a-(i), and possibly -iya-(i) (Sasseville 2021a:405, 415). For the new reading of the ghost word †ḫalt(i)-, see CLuw. anti.

[E.R.]

2. Reconstruction

2.1Reconstruction

For an Indo-European etymological connection with Goth. laþōn ‘to call, summon’, see Puhvel (HED H:63f. with further literature), followed by Kloekhorst (EDHIL:277), though with a different account of the morphology, whereas Čop 1970b:96f. defends a connection with Lat. lessus ‘lamentation’. From a purely Anatolian perspective however, Sasseville 2021a:437f. points out that the suffix -āi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) found in Hittite ḫalzāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) can also be denominal, which allows one to take the final -t- as suffixal, e.g. *Hel-ti- or just *Hel-t-. In any case, the Luwian factitive ḫalta-(ti) (*HElt-eh2-) and the deradical or denominal formation CLuw. ḫaltittari (most likely *-i̯é/ó-) must be considered independent formations vis-à-vis the one of Hittite ḫalzāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi). For summaries of outdated hypotheses, see HED H:64 and HEG H:140.

[D.S.]

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