warp(i)-

In Luwian context, the word occurs only in a small ritual fragment and a festival text (both NS).

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Starke 1990a:224 regards warpa as a form of warpai(ya)-, which can safely be discarded at this point. – In CLL:260, the form warpa is listed s.v. warp(i)-, which is attested only in Hittite context and, therefore, treated separately, here. It is on account of warp(i)- that a common gender is assumed also for warpa, which must then be interpreted as a collective form.

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

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The Luwian form warpa- has hardly made an appearance in the literature. In CLL:260 it is subsumed as a collective form under warp(i)- (in Hittite transmission), which, due to Hitt. warpa-, is glossed as ‘enclosure’ (since Götze 1933a:237-239). Similar, HEG U-Z:345 lists CLuw. warpa- under Hitt. warpa- ‘enclosure’, but leaves it untranslated. However, Yakubovich 2019a:555 n. 73 suspects that the word is cognate with Hitt. warp- ‘to wash’, since it functions as the object of the verb lūnta commonly understood as ‘they poured’.

In fact, the collocation with lūnta serves to elucidate the meaning of warpa. Yakubovich (pers. comm.) points out that the verbal ending of lūnta includes the -u- vowel, i.e. the ending is -unta. This opens up the possibility to assign lūnta to the weak stem of lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ ‘to take’ (cf. 1sg. pres. act. lūnni and Sasseville 2021a:340). As a consequence, CLuw. warpa šarra lā- ‘to take up the warpa-’ can now be matched with Hitt. warpa dā-. The latter is translated with Götze as ‘to take (someone) into the enclosure’, i.e. ‘to enclose (someone)’, but also in KBo 4.11 i 15 as ‘to take off the (magic) circles’ with the opposite meaning (thus HEG U-Z:344). However, it is possible to read (contra Starke 1985a:339) and interpret (contra HEG U-Z:344) KBo 4.11 i 13-15 in a way that is more compatible with the accepted meaning of Hitt. warpa- ‘enclosure’: ⁽¹³⁾⸢šu⸣-up-pa ti-an-zi egir-šú šu-up-pa-e-eš {x-zi (under erasure)} ^(14)DUGutúl^ḪI.A ti-an-zi wa-ar-pa da-an-zi § ⁽¹⁵⁾na-at da-ga-an la-a-ḫu-wa-an-zi ... “They put down  the pure meat. Afterwards, they put down the pure stew taking (off) the lid. § And they pour it on the earth. ...” The lack of a sentence particle before warpa shows that the two actions are closely related (here: in serving the food). Another passage is cited in EDHIL:966: ⁽³³⁾nu-kán wa-ar-pa ⁽³⁴⁾da-a-i nu wa-ar-pa-aš še-er geštin ku₇ ši-ip-pa-an-ti “He puts on the lid and libates sweet wine over the lid” (modified translation). In the Cuneiform Luwian passage of KUB 35.124, the lid is first taken up (wa-ar-pa ⸢šar-ra⸣ lu-ú-un-ta, ii 5) and later put down (wa-ar-pa za-an-ta). The translation ‘lid’ used here is the concretization of the ‘enclosure’ or ‘cover’ of a stew pot.

[E.R.]

Melchert (in CLL:260) classifies the Hittite noun as a plurale tantum of an a-stem. However, the form warpin also attested in Hittite transmission (see below) points for Luwian to a stem warp(i)- that also includes collective forms (thus also CLL:260).

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1. warpalla-

In Hittite context, the substantive is attested only once in a festival text (NS).

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reading ^GIŠwa-ar-pí-in⸣ at KBo 34.27 i 6’ (see Rieken et al. 2009r and HEG U-Z:351) is possible, but less than assured.

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Unfortunately, the context of warpin is very fragmentary, but at least one can say that it is followed by the postposition pariyan ‘across, over, beyond’ (the text shows pa-ri-[, a sequence that rarely occurs word-initially outside locatival adverbs, with very little space left before the end of the line). The meaning of the adverb, which governs the accusative, enhances the probability that warp(i)- is derived from the root warp- ‘to enclose, cover’ rather than warp- ‘to wash’ or warp(i)- ‘tool, weapon’, i.e. the phrase means ‘beyond the enclosure/cover’.

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Combining the forms warpin and CLuw. warpa into one paradigm, Melchert (in CLL:260) lists a stem warp(i)- c. that also features collective forms in -a.

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In Hittite, the switch between a common gender i-stem substantive (warpi-) and a neuter nom./acc. pl. (warpa) is without parallels, but it is normal in Luwian. Therefore, the word is regarded as Luwian here (see also DLL:108, CLL:260, HEG U-Z:345).

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