ḫawiyašša/i-

Attested in two Hittite religious compositions in NS.

[Zs.S.]

acc. sg. c.	ḫa-ú-i-aš-ši-in	KUB 32.1 iii 2	(CTH 718, NS)
	[ḫa-ú]-˹i˺-aš-ši-in	KUB 39.71 iii 55	(CTH 718, NS)
	ḫa-ú-i-ya-aš-ši-in	KUB 32.1 iii 10	(CTH 718, NS)
		KUB 39.70 vi 5	(CTH 718, NS)
	[ḫa-ú-i]-˹ya˺-aš-ši-in	KBo 41.75 iv 3	(CTH 718, NS)
	[ḫa-ú-i]-˹ya-aš-ši˺-<in>	KBo 39.169 + KUB 39.70 vi 14	(CTH 718, NS)
uninflected	ḫa-wi5-ya-aš-ši	KBo 21.42 i 11	(CTH 641, NS)
		HFAC 54 obv. 6	(CTH 641, NS)

Attestations following CLL:66; HW (2nd ed.) III:538, and Beckman 2014a:86 (cf. also HED H:279; EDHIL:337; restorations are based on duplicate and parallel texts, see Beckman 2014a passim) checked against the photographs of the Konkordanz (except HFAC 54, where no photo is available).

[Zs.S.]

Since the word is always preceded by NINDA.GUR₄.RA, it must refer to a bread type, either as its name (and then we are dealing with a noun) or as its qualification (and then we are dealing with an adjective). The former interpretation is assumed by HEG A-K:231, Tischler 2008a, Tischler 2016a:86; CLL:66; Beckman 2014a:30, 31, 40; but the latter assumption is more widespread (Laroche 1959a:45; Hoffner 1967a:28 n. 32; Starke 1990a:107; HED:279; Murat 2009a:166; HW (2nd ed.) III:538; Tischler 2010b:185). A third interpretation is preferred by Prechel 1996a:240 and Chrzanowska 2011a, who treat NINDA.GUR₄.RA and ḫawiyašša/i- as two separate words in their translation of CTH 641.

Although it is still widespread to leave this term without translation (Friedrich 1952a:67; HEG A-K:231; Weitenberg 1984a:408 n. 78; Prechel 1996a:240; Chrzanowska 2011a), it is equally widespread to connect it with ḫāwī-, the Luwian word for ‘sheep’ (see s.v. ḫāwī-), and thus translating it either as ‘sheep-shaped (bread)’ (Hoffner 1967a:28 n. 32, Hoffner 1974a:159, 208; Starke 1990a:107; HED H:279; Ofitsch 1998a:661; Hagenbuchner 2002a:22 n. 104, 24; Ünal 2007a:205f., Ünal 2016a:182; Murat 2009a:166; HW (2nd ed.) III:538; “possible” according to CLL:66) or ‘(bread made) with mutton’ (Laroche 1959a:45; Friedrich 1966a:84; Tischler 2008a:53, Tischler 2016a:86; both versions are mentioned by Tischler 2010b:185 n. 26), and see also the neutral translation ‘sheep-bread’ of CLL:66 and ‘sheep-loaf’ of Beckman 2014a:30, 31, 40. The existence of the phrase NINDA.GUR₄.RA ŠA UDU ‘a loaf of bread of sheep’ (for the attestations see Hagenbuchner 2002a:81f.) demonstrates that the connection with the word for ‘sheep’ is justified. The exact type of the bread requires further research, but grammatically speaking the situation is clear and generally accepted: it is a (substantivized) genitival adjective in -ašša/i- from Luwian ḫāwī- ‘sheep’ (Laroche 1959a:45; Weitenberg 1984a:408 n. 78; HED H:279; Ofitsch 1998a:662; CLL:66; EDHIL:337; Tischler 2008a:53, Tischler 2016a:86; HW (2nd ed.) III:538; but cf. also under Origin) and thus its literal meaning is ‘ovine, pertaining to sheep’ (note that Melchert’s assumption of an intermediate adjective *ḫawi(ya)- ‘of a sheep’ is neither necessary nor provable due to the widespread -iya- > -i- contraction in Luwian).

[Zs.S.]

Although it is not included in the lists of Luwianisms of Melchert 2005a and van den Hout 2007a, it is generally agreed to be of Luwian origin based on the stem and on the suffix (for references see above under Meaning, cf. also Friedrich 1966a:84 [cautiously]; Kronasser 1966a:228; HEG A-K:231). Nevertheless, Tischler 2010b:185 assumes a Hittite word based on a Hittite ḫāwī- ‘sheep’. However, it cannot be excluded that this Hittite word is in fact a Luwian loanword, see s.v. ḫāwī- for detailed discussion.

[Zs.S.]