ciwa-

This word is found in a metrical inscription that has not yet been accurately dated.

[D.S.]

nom./acc. sg. n.(?)

ciwad

LW 44a.5 (Magnesia on Mt. Sipylos)

The old interpretation of the ending -ad as ablative is outdated (pace Meriggi 1935a:87, Gusmani 1964a:92). Formally, ciwad can be a noun in the nominative/accusative singular neuter, i.e. a neuter a-stem, or a denominative verb in -a-^(d), either deriving from ciw- ‘god’. The following two words, i.e. armird[ and [ … ]id both appear to be in the neuter, which would support the neuter interpretation of ciwad. Moreover, there is already a verb, i.e. 2sg. pres. fatroš ‘you hand over’, at the end of the clause, whereas qλ dakrod immediately preceding ciwad seems to be an embedded relative clause. Overall, the nominal interpretation of ciwad as nom./acc. sg. n. is more persuasive than the verbal one.

[D.S.]

Due to the fragmentary state of the context, it is not possible to solidly assign to ciwad any semantics. Only its derivational base ciw- ‘god’ can guide us. Assuming that ciwad is nom./acc. sg. n., one could possibly assume an oxytone thematic adjective in -a-, i.e. ciw- ‘god’ → ciw-a- ‘divine’. On the other hand, it may have been substantivized and now denote something concrete; cf. its derivative ciwar(i)-.

[D.S.]

1. ciwar(i)-

For its derivational base, see Lyd. ciw-.