/walliya-/
‘rising’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Class
- Derivative
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 2581
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/walliya-/, BONUS-li-ia-
‘raising, honour (?)’1.1.1Transmission
A hapax legomenon, this lexeme is found once in an inscription from Commagene, dating to the late 9th or early 8th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| abl./instr. | /walliyadi/ | BONUS-li-ia-ti | ANCOZ 8, §7 (Commagene) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Although this lexeme is attested but once and with only partially syllabic spelling, its interpretation can nevertheless be regarded as reasonably certain. The spelling ties the form securely to the word family around /walliya-(ti)/ ‘to rise’, providing copious evidence in fully syllabic spelling as well as a cognate link to CLuw. /walli-/ ‘to raise’ and Hittite wal(l)a-/i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to praise, honour’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning suggested for this lexeme is tentative despite the fact that it belongs to the rather well-attested word family around /walliya-(ti)/ ‘to rise’. In its sole context of attestation, it appears to be used metaphorically, perhaps best interpreted as ‘honour’ vel sim. rather than a literal ‘raising’. The relevant clause at ANCOZ 8, §7 runs: wa/i-ta za-a á-lá/í-ma-za BONUS-li-ia-ti (ARMA)tu-pa-i-ta, /wa=tta za alaman=za walliyadi tubainta/, which probably means ‘They (scil. the paternal servants) struck this name with honour?’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This noun is likely derived from a verb /walli-/ ‘to raise’, which is unattested in HLuw., but can be found in CLuw. It constitutes a deverbal action noun in /-a-/ (see Sasseville 2020c:280), and while none of the pertinent forms are attested, this stem class is usually common gender, and the same may hence be assumed with some certainty for the present lexeme.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
1.2 Luwian in Hittite transmission
walliya-
‘exaltation’1.2.1Transmission
The noun is attested only once in the NH Deeds of Šuppiluliuma.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| gen. sg. | wa-al-li-ia-aš | KUB 19.13 i 48’ | (CTH 40, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning ‘exaltation, glory, pride (?)’
Güterbock 1956b:110 was the first to suggest a translation ‘place of pride’ for walliyaš pēdan said of a Kaškean city, which the Kaška people did not want to see destroyed by a Hittite attack. The interpretation, sometimes slightly modified, was accepted, first hesitantly (HW:343, also EDHIL:948), later mostly with more confidence (Ünal 2007a:783, HHw:s.v., HEG U-Z:261f., Sasseville 2020c:280). Certainly, the attribute walliya- expresses the valuable status of the city, but the Güterbock 1956b proposal ‘pride’ is a mere guess. The modified translation ‘glory’ also considered since HW:343 is preferable, because it agrees better with the meaning of the base word walli-(ti) ‘to raise, lift’. Even better is ‘exaltation’, since it could refer to a sacred city as a cultic place of the exaltation of deities, i.e. a place that has to be protected from destruction by all means.
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
Most scholars assign the word to the class of Hittite i-stems and posit a noun walli- (HW:343, Ünal 2007a:783, HHw:193, EDHIL:948, HEG U-Z:261f.), which cannot be entirely excluded, but, more recently, Sasseville 2020c:280 made the attractive suggestion that the word is a common gender Luwian stem in -iy-a- derived from CLuw. walli-(ti). His analysis finds support in the productivity of the derivational pattern in Luwian and a probative cognate in HLuw. /walliya-/ (see under Lemma). Further evidence is provided by the HLuw. derivative /walliyawant(i)-/.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
1.2.7Origin
While the word is generally regarded as Hittite (see references under Meaning), Sasseville 2020c:280 assumes a Luwian origin, based on the existence of HLuw. /walliya-/ and the suffix -a- c. added to a verbal stem in -i-(ti).
[E.R.]