/irha(l)l(i)-/, FINES+RA/I+HA-ha-lí
‘frontier-post’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 2344
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/irha(l)l(i)-/, FINES+RA/I+HA-ha-lí
‘frontier-post’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Tabal, dating to the mid-8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /irhal(l)in/ | FINES+RA/I+HA-ha-lí | TOPADA, §6 (Tabal) |
Based on the context and the structure of the clause, the form in TOPADA, §6 is classified as an acc. sg. whose ending is missing, see Hawkins 1975a:128.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The word is commonly regarded as /irhall(i)-/, as suggested by Hawkins 1975a:128. However, while this view is statistically quite likely since substantivised forms in /-alla/i-/ are common place, other interpretations are possible. With the only evidence coming from TOPADA, §6, i.e. a late inscription, and the existence of the possible directly related /irhali(ya)-/ (or /irhadi(ya)-/ or /irhari(ya)-/?) ‘border-marking’, the sweeping effects of rhotacism should be considered, i.e. the choice of 〈lí〉 may represent a hypercorrect spelling for /irhad(i)-/ or /irhar(i)-/, or it may represent a singleton /l/, i.e. /irhal(i)-/. Only further finds can elucidate the matter.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The translation is suggested by Hawkins 1975a:128 on the basis of the context, the morphological link with /irh(i)-/ ‘border’, and the identification of the suffix as /-alla/i-/, which forms adjectives of appurtenance, many of which are later substantivised. Even if the morphology of the form should turn out to be different (see the discussion of the stem below), the basic assessment of the link with /irh(i)-/ still holds. In the context of TOPADA, §6 runs: a-wa/i á-mí-i〈〈a〉〉-ná FINES+RA/I+HA-ha-lí CASTRUM-ni-sa7 PONERE-wa/i-ha, approx. /a=wa ammin irhallin harnis=sa tuwahha/, meaning ‘I put a/the fortress as my frontier-post’ (cf. Hawkins 1975a:127 and Hawkins 2000a:453).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This common gender noun is likely a substantivised adjective, which is commonly considered to be formed with the suffix /-alla/i-/. The derivational basis for the adjective is the noun /irh(i)-/ ‘border’ (Hawkins 1975a:128). If, however, any one of the other possible phonological interpretations should turn out to be correct, the stem is formed differently, though the derivational base remains /irh(i)-/ throughout. In the case of /irhad(i)-/, the suffix would be /-ad(i)-/, which forms secondary nouns (see Yakubovich 2015b:6.2). If the form should be /irhal(i)-/ or /irhar(i)-/, it would again represent a substantivised adjective, though in /-a-l(i)-/ or /-a-ra/i-/ respectively (see Melchert 2003b:195f.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
For the lemma head see HLuw. /irh(i)-/.