/arpā-

The attestations are limited to NS oracle reports, so far.

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, except for ending of the abl./inst. at KBo 22.260 obv. 12, for which no photograph is provided.

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Based on the attestations in the oracle report KUB 5.1 and the related verb arpaša- (see under Lemma), Forrer 1926a:129f. claimed that arpā- means ‘bad luck, setback, misfortune’. He is followed by HW:32, Ünal 1974a:72f., HW 2nd ed.A:339 with older references, HEDA, E, I:168, Starke 1990a:258 n. 880, HEGA-K:65, HHw:23. Also, Lycian erbbe(/i)- was translated likewise (see Laroche 1958a:98, and further references under Lemma). After Hajnal 1995a:70, 105 n. 85 had changed his semantic interpretation of the Lycian lexeme to a more neutral meaning ‘battle’, Melchert (in CLL:30, followed in HHw:23) suggested the same for its Luwian match: ‘confusion, tumult, strife’. However, Lycian B erbbe(/i)- and the derivative arpaša- ‘to be diquieting’ suit the more genereal notion of ‘unrest, disquietness, upheaval’ better in the context and it is perfectly adequate for the contexts of arpā- itself. Cf. the following protases of oracle inquiries: ⁽⁴⁶⁾... ^URUta-ni-zi-la-ma ⁽⁴⁶⁾a-na ^Dutu^ŠI dingir^LUM ša mè ar-pa-an gùb-tar kur-aš gam-an ne-ia-u-wa-ar ul ku-in-ki uš-ke-ši ... “but unless you, o deity, foresee any unrest of battle (i.e. battle-like unrest), treason or a secession of the country, ...” (KUB 5.1 iii 46f., Ünal 1974a:72f.); ⁽⁴⁸⁾u-ni-uš-za-kán ku-e-eš ù^MEŠ ḫul-lu-us uš-ke-ez-zi izkim^ḪI.A-ia-za ar-pu-wa-an-ta ⁽⁴⁹⁾ki-kiš-ta-ri dingir^MEŠ a-na kaskal ^URUta-ni-zi-la mè-aš ar-pa-an uš-ket₉-te-ni “regarding those bad dreams she sees and awry signs appear: (if) you, the gods, see the unrest of battle on the campaign to Tanizila (KUB 5.1 iii 48f., Ünal 1974a:72f.; ⁽⁶⁷⁾ma-a-an-ma-aš-ši dingir^MEŠ ša mè dugud-un ar-pa-an ul uš-ket₉-te-ni “if you, o gods, do not foresee for him a serious unrest of battle” (KUB 5.1 iii 67, Ünal 1974b:74f.); ⁽¹²⁾nu ar-pa-aš-ma ku-iš-ki dù-ri na-aš ar-pa-za ⁽¹³⁾ul dù-zi “(or if) some unrest arises and he does not act because of the unrest” (KBo 22.260 obv. 12f., HW 2nd ed.A:339; for the other, less informative contexts, see also there).

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In Hittite, the declination of the lexeme follows the a-stems. It is unclear whether the plene spelling in the final syllable at KBo 22.260 obv. 14 points to an underlying unmutated a-stem in Luwian.

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1. arpaša-⁽ⁱ⁾

The Luwian origin of ()arpā- is commonly agreed upon, cf. HW:32, DLL:144, CLL:30, HEGA-K:65, Starke 1990a:258 n. 880, HHw:23, van den Hout 2006a:244-246. HEDA, E, I:168 classifies its derivative arpaša-⁽ⁱ⁾ as “Luwoid”; the reason for this identification must lie in the use of the gloss wedge marking.

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For the lemma head and the reconstruction see Lyc. erbbe(/i)-.