arunā(i)-^(di)

This CLuw. lexeme is attested twice on a tablet of Lallupiya.

[O.B.]

2sg. impv. act.	a-ru-˹na˺-a	KUB 35.132 ii 5’	(CTH 771, NS)
3pl. impv. act.	a-ru-na-in-du	KUB 35.132 ii 4’	(CTH 771, NS)

Melchert (CLL:32) analyzes a-ru-ú-na on KUB 35.132 ii 5’ as an instance of the 2sg. impv. act. This is contradicted by the variable spelling ar-u-na-a on the same tablet. The form a-ru-na-a is conversely most likely a verb, as it occurs sentence finally, which is the expected position in Luwian. Moreover, a-ru-ú-na seems to agree with the following tar-wa-i-ia, indicating a nom./acc. pl. n. reading (Sasseville 2021a:83f.).

[O.B.]

All forms have been checked against the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).

[O.B.]

The contextual evidence within CLuw. texts does not provide any clear interpretation by itself. On KUB 35.132 ii 4’, the subject of the verb are gods in the plural. Given a derivational relationship with arūna- and by extension aru- ‘high’ (see Stem), a meaning ‘to raise’ is possible. This is congruent with the meaning of the related verb āruna- ‘to make great, rear’, which is built from the same nominal base. The meaning of arunā(i)- in Hittite transmission is surely ‘to cultivate crops’ (see Meaning under the corresponding Hittite transmission entry), which would be a plausible semantic extension from a base meaning ‘to raise’. Thus, these two meanings are provided for this lemma (thus also Sasseville 2021a:83f.), the former more securely than the latter.

[O.B.]

CLuw. arunā(i)-^(di) is a denominative verb in -ā(i)- formed to the base arūna- (Melchert 1997b:133f., Sasseville 2021a:83f.). The base is in turn formed from the adjective aru- ‘high’.

[O.B.]

This lexeme is found once in Hittite transmission on a list of fields and crop yields.

[O.B.]

All forms have been checked against the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).

[O.B.]

In the sole attestation of this verb in a Hittite context it is used intransitively and followed by a tally of sown crops: ^URUGašaša arunainta […] ‘(When) they cultivated corps in Gašaša, [the grain that they sowed: (tally of grain measures)]’ (translation with Sasseville 2021a:84). The contextual evidence thus renders a meaning ‘to cultivate crops’ relatively secure. This usage may result from a semantic extension from ‘to raise’ (see Meaning under the Cuneiform Luwian entry). A meaning ‘to cultivate crops’ with intransitive usage would correspond to Hitt. tuk(kan)zi- ‘cultivation, breeding’ (see Melchert 1999d for the semantics of the Hitt. word).

[O.B.]

See Stem under the corresponding Cuneiform Luwian entry.

[O.B.]

The Luwian provenance of the verb is confirmed by the distinctly Luwian verbal stem formation in a diphthong coupled with the 3pl. pret. act. ending -nta. Moreover, the stem is also attested with identical formal properties in a CLuw. text (see the corresponding Cuneiform Luwian entry). See also Melchert 2005a:449 and van den Hout 2006a:252.

[O.B.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. aru-.