FORTIS.CRUS
‘to resist (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1995
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
FORTIS.CRUS
‘to resist (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Konya, dating to the 13th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
|
3sg. pret. act. |
/…/ |
FORTIS.CRUS |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological form of this word is entirely opaque. The spelling attested at YALBURT frag. 3, §3 combines two signs, of which the first, FORTIS (sign *28), has only a logographic reading so far, while the second, CRUS (*82), can be interpreted logographically, but it is also read 〈ta6〉. Since this particular inscription features a large number of logograms without any phonetic complements, but does usually provide verbal endings when the verb is spelt syllabically, it is reasonable to assume that both signs are to be understood logographically in this instance.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
While the status as a verb is quite clear for the word, its meaning is assigned only provisionally on the basis of the context (cf. Yakubovich 2008b:3f. incl. n. 4). Earlier Poetto 1993a:60 translated it as as two words ‘to set out to destroy’, whereas Hawkins 1995a:71 very tentatively suggested a literal ‘to stand strong’, albeit with the author as agent. However, in the context of a repeated military campaign, the meaning ‘to resist’ is more cogent as an action of the enemy. YALBURT frag. 3, §3 runs: a-wa/i-mu (VIR2)ali-wa/i-ní-sa pi-na-ali(URBS) FORTIS.CRUS, approx. /a=wa=mu aliwanni=sa Pinara …/, meaning ‘(I attacked the town Pinara.) In Pinara, the enemy force (?) resisted me, (and my master the storm-god Tarhunt ran before me, and I conquered the enemy force)’ (cf. Yakubovich 2008b:3).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Although the word is attested only once and without any phonetic complements, its syntactic position strongly suggests that it represents a verb. However, beyond that nothing further can be said about its morphology.
[AH.B.]