tapašallat(i)-
‘sky dweller (?)’
- Language
- Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, common
- ID
- 1724
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
tapašallat(i)-
‘sky dweller (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in a mixed Hittite-Luwian incantation for a sick child.
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. pl. | ta-pa-ša-al-la-ti-en-zi | KBo 12.100 obv. 8 | (CTH 765, LNS) |
| t[a-pa-ša-al-la-ti-en-zi] | KBo 12.100 obv. 21 | (CTH 765, LNS) |
There are possibly two attestations of this word in Luwian context, i.e. ta?-p]a?-ša-al-li-i[n(-) and ta?-p]a?-ša-a[l- (KUB 35.98, 15’, 18’), although the fragmentary state of the context hinders any reliable restoration.
[D.S.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
In the context, it is said that the tapašallatinzi are in the sky (Hitt. nepiši), and in the following paragraphs, Kamrušepa and the Sun-god are acting, which would imply that the tapašallatinzi refer to the two gods. That is probably why Starke 1990a:98 translates the word as ‘sky dwellers’, connecting it etymologically to CLuw. tappaš-. For the absence of Čop’s Law in this word, see under Reconstruction. Melchert (CLL:208), on the other hand, posits that tapašallatinzi is some kind of bird, probably because of the word arutati ‘with wings’ occurring within the same sentence:
ne-pí-ši-kán ta-pa-ša-al-la-ti-en-zi še-kán-ta-i[a- … ] a-ru-ta-ti ḫa-me-en-kán-ta-at (KBo 12.100 obv. 8-9)
‘In the sky, the tapašallatinzi šekantay[a…. ] have been bound with wings.’
Although divine birds cannot be excluded within the context, the gods are still the best candidates, since they also may have wings, as often depicted on reliefs. Therefore, the semantics given by Starke are tentatively adopted here; cf. Tischler (HEG T,D:123f.), Katz 2001a:232.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Stem
The noun is a formation in -at(i)-, i.e. /-ad(i)-/, derived from an unattested noun in -alla- c. or adjective in -alla/i-.
[D.S.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
The absence of Čop’s Law in tapašallat(i)- vis-à-vis the cognate tappaš- can be explained by assuming that the formation is older than the sound law, i.e. *nebhes-é-lo- (or -é-leh2-) + t-suffix. Whereas the distance assimilation of initial *n to *d (> t) would have occurred, the lack of accentuation on the root would have prevented Čop’s Law from happening in contrast to its derivational base.
[D.S.]
For the derivational base see CLuw. tappaš-.
tapašuwant