/man/, ma-na
‘much’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 1632
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/man/, ma-na
‘much’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested nine times in the HLuw. corpus. It can be found throughout the HLuw. era, starting with an early attestation in Emirgazi dating to the second half of the 13th century BCE, while the relevant inscriptions from Tabal and Cilicia date to the 8th and early 7th century BCE respectively.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
In all attestations in KARATEPE and EMİRGAZİ, the adverb is followed by a particle chain, either starting with the quotative particle /=wa/ or the connective /=ba/. A putative attestation in SULTANHAN, §14, resulted from erroneous word division and should therefore be stricken. The newly resulting word is /mannawasunada/ ‘fertilization (?)’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The spelling of the word leaves little doubt as to its phonological form. That the word is a monosyllable is proved by the fact that when followed by enclitic particles starting with a consonant, the final /n/ of /man/ is dropped, as is usual in HLuw. orthography (cf. Melchert 2003b:182).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme was first identified by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1978a:113f., who argued on contextual grounds that it cannot represent the two-part conjunction man... man ‘whether... or’ found in other texts. Rather, they identified it as an adverb meaning ‘many, much’. This interpretation finds support in the fact that HLuw. /man/ translates Phoenician w-brbm ‘any, by much, many’ in the bilingual inscription from Karatepe.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
An adverb, the word is likely a form lexicalized out of a paradigm and originally represents the nom./acc. sg. n. of the Luwian adjective */mayant(i)-/, i.e. /mayan(=za)/ (followed by the loss of the intervocalic glide); cf. HLuw. /miyant(i)-/ ‘many, much’, which is also found in the Karatepe bilingual inscription (cf. HED M:123). This morphological analysis remains however unprovable.
[AH.B.]