*Hu̯on-Hu̯on-
‘swelling’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 972
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
*ḫuwanḫuwan-
‘(unknown)’1.1.1Derivatives
1.2 Palaic
ḫuwanḫuwani-
‘breasts, chest’1.2.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in the incantations of the festival for the Palaic pantheon.
[D.S.]
1.2.2Forms
| nom. sg. | ḫu-wa-an-ḫu-wa-ni(=kat) | KUB 35.165 rev. 12’ | (CTH 751, OS or MS) |
| [ḫu-wa-an-ḫu-wa-n]i(=kat) | KBo 48.178 10’ | (CTH 751, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz.
[D.S.]
1.2.4Meaning
The lexeme ḫuwanḫuwani- occurs in an enumeration of body parts of sacrificial animals to be offered as a meal to the gods (Kammenhuber 1959a:28, Carruba 1970a:56, Eichner 2010a:52). In KBo 48.178, the Hittite part preceding the Palaic passage in question contains an enumeration of the same body parts written sumerographically. By assuming that the order of body parts is the same in each of the two passages, Palaic ḫuwanḫuwani- corresponds to the sumerogram GABAḪI.A ‘breasts’. Thus, it refers to the breast of the sacrificed animals as meat. For a possibly related Palaic lexeme see ḫuenḫuena-.
[D.S.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘swelling’
The Palaic noun ḫuwanḫuwani- ‘breasts’ has been rightly taken as a cognate of Hitt. ḫuwanḫu(wa)neššar/n- ‘wave(s), swell’ and 
ḫūwaḫuwanala- (animal ?) (HED H:428, HEG A-H:327). The semantics of the first two cognates are reconcilable through their swelling wavy shapes. Likewise, the noun ḫūwaḫuwanala-, which seems to designate some kind of sea animal, is semantically compatible with the other two cognates, if one assumes that the animal in question had prominent breasts or a wavy shape. For more information on the semantic development, see the Proto-Indo-European lemma below.
Regarding the morphology involved, each cognate shows a reduplicated root ḫuwan- going back to a Proto-Anatolian pre-form *Hu̯on-. The Palaic word for ‘breasts’ is a simple i-stem. Since root nouns can be transferred to the paradigm of i-stems in Palaic (cf. kuwani- c. ‘woman’, kardi- c. ‘heart’), it is possible that Pal. ḫuwanḫuwani- goes back to a radical stem, i.e. *Hu̯on-Hu̯on-. The Hittite cognate ḫuwanḫu(wa)neššar/n- (HW 2nd ed.Ḫ:721-723) shows a formation in -eššar/n- (< *-és-r̥/n-), a productive Hittite suffix that cannot be reconstructed for Proto-Anatolian.The Hitt. gen. sg. form ḫunḫuwanaš ‘wave(s), swell(?)’ has an obscure stem formation (see HW 2nd ed.:723).If the noun ḫūwaḫuwanala- is Luwian in origin, the suffix -ala- c. can be connected with the Hittite on -āla- c., which goes back to an individualizing formation in *-ó-leh2- c. (see Melchert apud Sasseville 2014-2015a:118). On the other hand, the hapax ḫūwaḫuwanala- could be a misspelled form in -alla- c. (< *-é-leh2- c.); for the Luwian suffix -alla- c. see Sasseville 2014-2015a. In any case, the Anatolian cognates discussed here allow for the reconstruction of a reduplicated root noun *Hu̯on-Hu̯on- c. (something of a swelling wavy shape) → ‘breasts’. While Palaic ḫuwanḫuwani- would continue the Proto-Anatolian root noun *Hu̯on-Hu̯on- directly except for a stem transfer, Hitt. ḫuwanḫu(wa)n-eššar/n- and Luw. ḫūwaḫuwan-ala- can be taken as derivatives of it.
[D.S.]
3. Proto-Indo-European
3.1Semantic Reconstruction
Starting from the attested meanings of Pal. ḫuwanḫuwani- ‘breasts’ and Hitt. ḫuwanḫu(wa)neššar/n- ‘wave(s), swell’, it is advisable to reconstruct the Proto-Anatolian meaning as ‘swelling’ vel sim. This meaning fits well with what is known from a typological perspective; cf. on “breast (front of chest)” (Buck 1949a:247f.): “The chief semantic source is the notion of ‘curved shape, swelling’” (ibid. 247) and on “wave” (Buck 1949a:40f.), e.g., Gk. κῦμα ‘wave’ (: PIE *k̑u̯eh1- ‘to swell’, LIV²:339f.). As regards CLuw. ḫūwaḫuwanala-, which likely denotes some kind of aquatic animal, it is not possible to determine the exact species. However, there are various animals that may be named after ‘having (a) swelling(s)’, cf., e.g., the ocean sunfish (mola mola) or some kind of whale. Thus, in case the Anatolian lexemes all belong together, it is very plausible that PAnat. *Hu̯on(Hu̯on)- means ‘swelling’.
3.1.1Root etymology
Only two branches attest the root in question, namely Anatolian (PAnat. *Hu̯on[Hu̯on]- ‘swelling’) and Germanic (PGerm. *un‑þī‑/*un‑þi̯ō- ‘wave’ ← ‘swelling’).Similarly to Hitt. ḫuwanḫu(wa)neššar/n- ‘wave(s), swell’ (cf. above), the meaning of PGerm. *unþī‑/*unþi̯ō- ‘wave’ is also traced back to the abstract notion of ‘swelling’.While the (reduplicated) root noun with o‑grade (*o/*Ø‑ablaut?), as attested in Anatolian, may be interpreted as a nomen rei actae ‘what is swollen, swelling’, the Germanic ti‑stem is seen as an abstract noun meaning ‘swelling’. Based on these formations, it is possible to reconstruct a root PIE *h2/3u̯en- ‘to swell’.
3.2Morphological Reconstruction
As has been set out above sub PAnat. reconstruction, the Anatolian lexemes may be traced back to a reduplicated root noun PAnat. *Hu̯on-Hu̯on- ‘swelling’. The only other branch continuing the underlying root attests an extended ti‑stem abstract, viz. PGerm. *un‑þī‑/*un‑þi̯ō- ‘swelling’. In sum, the evidence does not suffice to reconstruct a specific PIE formation.
3.2.1Root etymology
Despite the scanty (and exclusively nominal) evidence of Anatolian and Germanic it is possible to reconstruct a verbal root for PIE. While PGerm. *unþī‑/*unþi̯ō- ‘wave’ could theoretically also go back to pre‑PGerm. *n̥t‑ih2- and contain a root *net- vel sim., the connection with the Anatolian material resolves the issue. Based on PAnat. *Hu̯on(Hu̯on)- ‘swelling’ alone and in accordance with PGerm. *unþī‑/*unþi̯ō- ‘wave’, the underlying root can be reconstructed as PIE *h2/3u̯en- ‘to swell’.
[A.O.]
4. Transmission
PGerm. *unþī‑/*unþi̯ō- f. ‘wave’, cf. ON unnr, uđr, pl. unnir, OS ūthia, ūđia, OHG undea, unde, etc. ‘id.’One may reconstruct an underlying ti‑stem pre‑PGerm. *h2/3u̯én‑ti‑/*h2/3un‑téi̯‑, which served as the derivational base for a collective formation pre‑PGerm. *h2/3un‑téi‑h2/*h2/3un‑ti̯‑éh2‑.
EDPG:560f. (differently, *h2en- ‘to scoop’ [LIV²:266]), Orel 2003a:435While, on the surface, Lat. unda ‘wave’ and Lith.(+) vanduõ ‘water’ may be connected, too, the connection with the root PIE *u̯ed- ‘to well’ (LIV²:658f.) is more attractive. For various opinions on the topic, cf., e.g., LIV²:659 n. 2 s.v. *u̯ed‑, EDLIL:641, Schrijver 1991a:501, ALEW II:1186 and PKEŽ s.v. wundan.