zasta/i-
‘this’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- pron
- ID
- 945
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
zasta/i-
‘this’1.1.1Transmission
The pronoun occurs in both festival texts and incantations (Zarpiya, Puriyanni and Kuwattalla tradition), from MS manuscripts onwards.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| dat. sg. | [z]a-a-aš-ti | KUB 35.16 i 8’ | (CTH 760, NS) |
| za-a-aš-ti-i(=) | KUB 32.7, 9’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| za-a-aš-ti | KUB 35.16 i 7’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| za-aš-ti | KUB 35.133 ii 24’ | (CTH 665, LNS) | |
| za-aš-ti | KBo 29.56, 4’ | (CTH 766, MS) | |
| [za-aš-t]i | KUB 32.8 iv 12’ | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| za-˹a˺-[aš-ti] | KUB 35.54 iii 23 | (CTH 758, MS) | |
| nom./acc. pl. n. | za-a-aš-ta-a(=) | KUB 35.68, 13’ | (CTH 763, NS) |
| za-aš-ta-a(=) | KUB 35.65 iii 11 | (CTH 763, MS) | |
| dat./loc. pl. | za-aš-ta-an-za | KUB 35.54 iii 6 | (CTH 758, MS) |
| za-aš-ta-an-za | KUB 9.31 ii 25 | (CTH 757, NS) | |
| unknown | za-aš-ta[ | KUB 35.71 ii 4 | (CTH 759, MS) |
| za-aš-t[a? | KBo 9.148, 3’ | (CTH 770, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz, with the exception of KUB 9.31 ii 25. – za-aš-t[a? in KBo 9.148, 3’ probably belongs to this lemma since it seems to be the first word of a passage in direct speech, where one could expect a reference to some kind of ritual paraphernalia. – Reading [za-aš-t]i in KUB 32.8 iv 12’ follows Otten 1953a:88. – za-˹a˺-[aš-ti] in KUB 35.54 iii 23 was formerly read za-˹a˺-[at-ti], but space and parallel passages demand the new reading (Goedegebuure 2010b:85 n. 29); cf. also za-aš-ta-an-za ibid. iii 6.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘this (very)’
It is generally agreed that zāšta/i- is in some way derived from the proximal demonstrative pronoun zā- and, accordingly, has itself a demonstrative function, but the proposed accounts differ in their details. While Carruba 1972a:9 (and Carruba 2000b:349 n. 12) thinks of ‘hiesig (?)’ (via metathesis and syncope from “zat-assi- ‘from here’”), Melchert 1993g:281 characterizes zašta/i- as “[e]mphatic form of zā- ‘this’”.Outdated Meriggi 1957a:218 n. 66: “Gemüt, Seele, selbst”. No meaning is given in DLL:114. Although he does not provide any further reasons for his hypothesis, Melchert seems to be right, since in KUB 35.16 i 7’ and i 8’ zāšta/i- contrasts with apā-, the distal demonstrative and anaphoric pronoun (ibid. i 9’).
The usage is mostly spatial (‘this (one) here with me’), once temporal (KBo 29.56, 4’ in collocation with ituKAM ‘month’), and possibly once anaphoric (KUB 35.54 iii 6), but spatial meaning cannot be excluded in this passage. Syntactically, the pronoun occurs in both adnominal and pronominal function.
[E.R.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Based on Otten 1953a:49, who believed to find a genitival meaning in zāšta/i-, Carruba (ibid.) suspects a metathesized form of a stem “zat-assi- ‘from here’”, derived from the dat./loc. /zāti/ of the proximal demonstrative pronoun zā-; cf. under Meaning. In spite of the parallels from Lycian (e.g., ehbi) adduced by Carruba, this solution encounters two difficulties. First, no syncope is expected in Luwian, and secondly, different from Lycian /h/, geminate /ss/ would conflate with the preceding alveolar as /ts/.
It is easier by far to assume that the deictic function of nom. sg. c. zāš was first re-enforced by means of a deictic particle *-te, and then zāšta was re-interpreted as the basis of a new inflected stem (cf. the same process in Hitt. aš-i-š, Lat. is-te, ist-a, ist-ud etc.).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. zā-/zī-.