/palayanalli(ya)-

This word is attested only once in a NS dream of the queen and in a vow to Ištar of Šamuḫa.

[A.B.]

acc. pl. or nom./acc. sg. n.

⸢?⸣pa-la-ia-na-al-li-ia-an-za

KUB 48.126+ obv. i 36

(NS, CTH 584)

The attestation follows CHD P:61f., HEG L–S:389 (cf. Ünal 2007a:504, Ünal 2016a:388, not yet in Laroche 1959a or CLL). The transliteration has been checked against the photo in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[A.B.]

It cannot be determined by the photo, whether there are one or two diagonals before pa-la-ia-na-al-li-ia-an-za. There seem to be traces of a second diagonal, but the hand copy indicates only one diagonal.

[A.B.]

No exact meaning has been proposed for this word yet. CHD P:61f. indicates that it is an object, cf. Ünal 2007a:504, Ünal 2016a:388, Tischler 2008a:132, and Tischler 2016a:250.

The context of KUB 48.126+ obv. i 35–37 shows the following (the transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, and in addition, the hand copy as well as the transliterations and translations of Lebrun 1976a:216f., Mouton 2007a:294f., de Roos 2007a:125–127, CHD P:61 and HEG L–S:389 have been taken into account):

⁽³⁵⁾Ù MUNUS.LUGAL Ù-it-wa-mu ^f/MUNUSaz-zi-in-n[a-aš ...] ⁽³⁶⁾⸢^?⸣pa-la-ia-na-al-li-ia-an-za GAL KÙ.BABBAR-i[a ...]” ⁽³⁷⁾a-ri-ia-u-en-nu ^dIŠTAR ^URUša-mu-ḫa SI×S[À-at ...]

^(35’)dream of the queen: “within my dream Azinn[a] / an azinn[a]-woman [...] ^(36’)?palayanalliya (or: ^?palayanalliya-ed) an[d] a silver cup [...]” ⁽³⁷⁾we inquired (per oracle), and Ištar of Šamuḫa was determin[ed ...]

The Glossenkeilwort is probably a direct object here (or modifies it, if it is an adjective). HEG L–S:389 cautiously assumes a vessel, presumably because of the following word ‘silver cup’, which includes the enclitic conjunction -a/-ya ‘and’ (cf. CHD P:61, which alternatively suggests an adjective modifying a noun in the broken part at the end of the preceding line). Morphologically, palayanalliya can be either an adjective or a substantivized adjective (to denote e.g. another vessel).

Melchert (pers. comm.) suggested a connection with the noun ^URUDUpalayan- attested with Luwian inflection and the determinative ^URUDU, which points to an object made of copper. If the stem is indeed palayan-, it could represent the base for the Glossenkeilwort ^?palayanalli(ya)-. However, the sign IA in the only attested form ^URUDUpa-la-i[a^?]-an-za in KpT 1.60 obv. I 4’ is damaged (cf. Miller 2019a:144–146) and accordingly the stem of this word is uncertain (cf. under the lemma palayan-).

Another possibility is that ⸢^?⸣pa-la-ia-na-al-li-ia-an-za is a participle (e.g. describing the action of ^f/MUNUSazzinna-). In that case, GAL KÙ.BABBAR in KUB 48.126+ obv. i 36 would be fronted to the beginning of another sentence (but note that in this position the contrastive particle -a/-ma is more common), cf. Hoffner & Melchert 2008a:407f. That would withdraw the support from under the assumption that ^?palayanalli(ya)- is also a vessel by a syntactic pairing with this word via the enclitic -a/-ya. Consequently, no meaning can be indicated for this word with any certainty at the moment.

[A.B.]

The origin of this Glossenkeilwort is usually assumed to be Luwian because of its Luwian inflection (cf. CHD P:61, HEG L–S:389 and the lists of Luwianisms of Melchert 2005a:452 and van den Hout 2007a:250). But as mentioned under Meaning, it could also be a Hittite participle. If the latter is true, we are dealing with a verb in -i(ya)-, which would still point to a Luwian origin (for this suffix forming verbs from nominal stems cf. Melchert 2003b:199). If the form is an adjective (or a substantivized adjective), it shows the suffix -i(ya)- that derives adjectives from nouns (cf. Melchert 2003b:197). In any case, the base of this word would be *palayanalla/i-, a denominal adjective including the Luwian suffix -alla/i- (cf. Melchert 2003b:195).

Even if its inflection is ambiguous, a Luwian origin for this word is plausible due to its stem formation. It is hence either a Luwian loan or foreign word in Hittite.

[A.B.]