zammuratt(i)-

The noun zammuratt(i)- occurs once in Hittite transmission in a treaty.

[D.S.]

dat./loc. sg.

za-am-mu-ra-at-ti

KBo 12.30 II 14

(CTH 122, NS)

Laroche 1968d:89 reads zammuratti as 3sg. act. ind. of a stem zammurā- with Luwian inflection (as opposed to the well attested zammurāizzi with Hittite inflection).Oettinger 1979a:386 follows this tentatively. However, the word’s analysis as a substantive in dat./loc. sg. is certain, since it occurs in a string of other nouns showing the same case form.

[D.S.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[D.S.]

As noted by Melchert (DCL:300), zammuratt(i)- is an action noun to the Luwian verbal stem *zammurā- (or similar, see lemma head). Thus, Melchert translates it as ‘insult, slander’. Similarly, HEG IV:652 lists ‘Kränkung, Beleidigung, Demütigung’.

Much like the verb, the action noun occurs alongside other offences against objects of reverence. In its sole attestation, the objects of the offence are the gods. HED VI:21 (s. v. maliya) thus appropriately translates ‘blasphemy’, and Nikolaev 2019a:185 uses ‘profanation’:

mān=ma=ta=kk[an] kupyati=ma šer naššu Š[A ^m]Šuppiluliuma ḪUL-ui mālī ŠA DINGIR[^MEŠ] zammuratti Ù ŠA KUR ^URUḪATTI GÙB-l[ann]i šer kuiški EGIR-p[a] a[nda uezzi].

“But if someone [comes to] you for the sake of a scheme – whether it be for an evil thought regarding Šuppiluliuma, a blasphemy to the gods or a detriment to the land of atti.”

[E.R.]

zammuratt(i)- is a Luwian action noun in -att(i)- derived from a verbal stem Luw. *zammurā-^(ti) (cf. ariyatt(i)- to āri-^(ti), Starke 1990a:64). This verbal stem appears in Hittite transmission as zammurā(i)-^(ti).

[E.R.]

Following Rieken 1999a:127, the gloss wedge marking and the suffix -att(i)- show that zammuratt(i)- is a direct loanword from Luwian. Melchert 2005a:451 and van den Hout 2006a:241 list it as such.

[E.R.]

 *This lemma was written in collaboration with the trainee Ben Korb.

 For the lemma head see CLuw. zammurā(i)-.