paini(t)- (painna-)
‘tamarisk’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, n.
- ID
- 4066
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
paini(t)- (painna-)
‘tamarisk’1.1.1Transmission
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | GIŠpa-a-i-ni | KBo 22.6 iv 14’ | (CTH 310, NS) |
| GIŠpa-i-ni-i-š[a] | KBo 31.149, 3’ | (CTH 500, NS) | |
| gen. sg. | GIŠpa-a-i-in-na-aš-š(=) | KBo 21.44 rev. 11’ | (CTH 777, NS) |
| abl. (Hitt.) | GIŠba-a-i-ni-ia-az | KUB 42.98 i 23’ | (CTH 470, NS) |
| GIŠpa-a-i-ni-ta-az | KBo 17.103 iv 10’ | (CTH 706, NS) | |
| instr. (Hitt.) | ⸢GIŠ⸣pa-i-ni-it | KBo 11.5 iv 7 | (CTH 703, NS) |
| unknown | GIŠpa-a-i-ni-t[a(-) | KBo 27.68, 4’ | (CTH 470, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – For the spelling with initial ba-, see under Origin.
[E.R.]
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
For the analogical source of exceptional length in the -i(t)- suffix, see Rieken 2017a:24.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The concrete meanings assigned depend on the evaluation of the Aramaic gloss to Akk. bīnu (CAD B:242) underlying the Hurrian, Hittite, and Luwian borrowings. No stance is taken here, but the reader is referred to the detailed literature records in Hoffner 1974a:119, Richter 2012a:286, CHD P: 55f., HED P:55f. The translation ‘tamarisk’ is established in Hittitology by convention (HW:155, Laroche 1980a:193, HEG P:384, CHD P:55f., Ünal 2007a:502, HED P:57, Simon 2020c:421, DCL:171; in contrast, ‘juniper’ in Güterbock 1969a:24, Hoffner 1974a:119 and ‘Zedernzypresse(nöl)’ in Starke 1990a:217; undecided Beckman 1983a:99, HHw:116, Richter 2012a:286).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
As in other cases of Hurrian loanwords (Starke 1990a:152f.), the borrowed stem in -i- is transferred to the Luwian class of neuters in -i(t), which, in turn, results in Hittite common gender stem in -i- and -ita- as listed under Forms (CLL:163, DCL:171). The gen. sg. GIŠpa-a-i-in-na-aš-š=a can best be explained as a case of reversed i-mutation, secondarily introducing the a-stem into the oblique cases of i-stems (for the process, see Rieken 1994a:46f.).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
According to Rieken & Yakubovich 2020a:218f. (with references), the spelling with initial ba- points to an origin outside Luwian, Hittite, and Hurrian, thus confirming the supposed Akkadian provenance of the word. It is usually assumed that the word reached Hittite via successive Hurrian and Luwian transmission; cf., e.g., HW:155, 311, 451, Laroche 1980a:193, Beckman 1983a:99, Starke 1990a:217, CLL:163, CHD P:56, HED P:57, Simon 2020c:421, DCL:171.
[E.R.]