maliyašḫa-

This substantive occurs twice in a fragmentary purification ritual and three more times in fragmentary oracles, where it is marked by the Glossenkeil.

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

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We have an idea of the meaning thanks to the context of the purification ritual KUB 9.15. A messenger is not allowed to coerce the inhabitants of a previously mentioned village: nu šal-la-ia-az ⸢ku⸣-iš pé-ra-an u-i-ia-an-za nu A-NA LÚ^MEŠ URU-LIM ma-li-ia-aš-ḫa-az me-ma-a-ú na-an-kán ma-li-ia-aš-ḫa-az KASKAL-ši ti-ia-an-du “Let one who was sent ahead from the great city speak to the man of the city with maliyašḫa-, and let them set him on the road with maliyašḫa-” (KUB 9.15 10-13). Judging by the context, a translation as ‘approval’ (with reference to the townspeople, so “with (their) approval”) seems appropriate and coherent with the derivational base, namely the Luwian counterpart mal(a)i-^(di) ‘to think’; thus HW:133, CHD L-N:129, CLL:132, DCL:s.v., HHw:98 (‘Zustimmung, Billigung’), EDHIL:546, HED M:27 (also ‘agreement, consent’), Ünal 2007a:421 and Fuscagni 2015c (‘Zustimmung’).Previously, the translation ‘Einverständnis, Entgegenkommen’ was proposed by HW:133, HEG  L-N:106, and Kronasser 1966a:167), but this is perhaps too generic.

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Except for one occurrence whose beginning is broken (KUB 6.39 rev.^? 9), the lemma is always attested in the ablative/instrumental form. In any case, it is clear that we are dealing with an abstract noun formed with the suffix -ašḫa-; see Kronasser 1966a:167, Gusmani 1972b:255, and Starke 1979a:251. The base is surely the Luwian verb mal(a)i-^(di) ‘to think’.

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Since the suffix -ašḫa- appears to be very productive in Luwian (see Starke 1979a for the details), some scholars assumed that this was a Luwian word (it is listed under the marked Luwian words in van den Hout 2006a:245; thus also Starke 1979a:151 and implicitly HEG L-M:106). Therefore, although the substantive clearly shows Hittite inflection, namely the ablative/instrumental ending in -az, it is unnecessary to regard it as Hittite, being it an adapted loanword from Luwian; cf. CLL:132, DCL:s.v. andCHD L-N:129 (which does not label the word as Luwian); see also Rieken 2023b for hybrid Hittite-Luwian formations. Since half of the occurrences feature a Glossenkeil, this assessment finds further confirmation.

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*This lemma was written together with the trainee Marco Ammazzini.

For the lemma head see CLuw. māl-.