ḫāpiri(ya)-
‘desert-dweller, semi-nomad’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 3851
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
ḫāpiri(ya)-
‘desert-dweller, semi-nomad’1.1.1Transmission
All occurrences of the adjective originate from the rituals of the Kuwattalla tradition (from MS onwards). It is possibly attested as a personal name in Hieroglyphic Luwian, i.e. Iha-pi+ra/i-ia (dat. sg.) (KULULU lead strip 1 line 7, 20, 49).
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. c. | ⸢LÚ⸣ḫa-pí-[ri-iš] | KUB 35.46 iv! 7’ | (CTH 761, NS) |
| LÚḫa-a-p[í-i-ri-i-iš] | KUB 35.49 iv 15 | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| nom./acc. sg. n. | LÚḫ[a-pí-ri-ia-an] | KUB 35.21 obv. 9’ | (CTH 761, MS) |
| LÚḫa-pí-ri-ia-an | KUB 35.45 ii 3 | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| ḫa-ap-pí-ri-ia-an | KUB 35.43 iii 31’ | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| LÚha-a-pí-i-ri-⸢ia⸣-an | KUB 35.49 i 8’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| ḫa-a-pí-r[i-ia-an] | KUB 60.36, 11’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| LÚḫa-a-pí-i-ri-pa[b-pab] | KUB 32.14, 13’ | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| nom./acc. pl. n. | ḫ[a-pí-ri-e-ia] | KUB 9.6 i 30 | (CTH 759, LNS) |
| abl./instr. | [LÚḫ]a-pí-ri-ia-ti | KUB 35.48 iii 9’ | (CTH 760, NS) |
For the morphological analysis of lūlaḫieya (and thus of ḫ[apirieya] also) as nom./acc. pl. n., see Carruba 1982a:35-38 and Melchert 1990a:199f. (against the former analysis as dat./loc. sg. by Laroche 1958a:192f. and Starke 1990a:37).
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.*
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The appears in collocation with LÚḫāpiri(ya)- in a list of several adjectival merisms used to provide an exhaustive evil such as perjury (Mouton & Yakubovich 2019a:212f.). The terms LÚlūlaḫi(ya)- LÚḫāpiri(ya)- have a pejorative connotation (Beal 1992a:108-111) and refer to two marginal social groups, the latter being classified as desert-dwellers and semi-nomads (DLL:41, Laroche 1946-1947a:122, HW:424, CLL:56, HHw:40, Yakubovich & Mouton 2023b:411, DCL:s.v.). Hittite texts offer more information than the Luwian rituals; cf. Beal 1992a:108-111, Haas & Wegner 1999a, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:249f.; for the non-Anatolian evidence, see Bottéro 1972-1975a, Loretz 1984a, Astour 1999a, Richter 2012a:236 and del Olmo Lete & Sanmartín 2015a:489f.
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
The Luwian stem ends in the adjectival -i(ya)- suffix (Carruba 1982a:35-38 and Melchert 1990a:199f.).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
Scholars do not fully agree regarding the provenance of the word. While Haas & Wegner 1999a renew the old proposal by Landsberger and Cazelles of a Hurrian origin and analyze the word as Hurr. ḫab=i=ri ‘the mobile one’, other scholars in Hittitology presuppose a (West-)Semitic borrowing, e.g. HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:250, Yakubovich 2010d:352f.; see also the arguments presented in Loretz 1984a:235-248, CAD Ḫ:84f., Krebernik 1985a:150-152 as well as Richter 2012a:236 and del Olmo Lete & Sanmartín 2015a:489f. for further references).
[E.R.]
*The forms in the table were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.
1.2 Hittite
ḫāpiri(ya)-
‘desert-dweller, semi-nomad’1.2.1Literature / Comments
HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:249f. (= LÚSA.GAZ)