*h2(e)t-i̯e/o-
‘to pierce’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3592
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/hazzi-/, ha-zi-
‘to engrave’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Karkamiš dating to the mid-8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| ger. | /hazzimina/ | ha-zi-mi-na | CEKKE, §15 (Karkamiš) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Because of the fully syllabic spelling, the phonological interpretation of this word is reasonably straightforward. In addition, the verb is likely cognate with Hittite ḫazziya- ‘to strike, inscribe’ (Oettinger 1979a:346 n. 176, followed by Melchert 1987a:192).
A relation to HLuw. /hazziwid-/ ‘rite’ is possible; see under lemma.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning was still unclear to Meriggi 1967b:110, but Oettinger 1979a:346 n. 176 connected the verb to Hittite ḫazziya- ‘to strike, inscribe’, and Melchert 1987a:192 elucidated the meaning further. The only context of attestation at CEKKE, §15 runs: a-wa/i FINES-ha+ra/i-ya ta-sa ha-zi-mi-na, approx. /a=wa irhaliya ta(d)=sa hazzimina/, meaning ‘A block is to be engraved for the border-marking ’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:145)Note that the forms in /-mina/ have since undergone a reanalysis as gerundives instead of 1pl. pres. act. endings, see Melchert 2004c.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Since HLuw. preserves only a single form of this verb to date, its stem class is difficult to pin down. The attested gerundive /hazzimina/ most likely belongs to the class in /-i-(ti)/, but within the range of possibility are also the stems in /-(a)i-(di)/, in /-i(ya)-(di)/, and those in /-iya-(i)/ if syncopated; cf. Sasseville 2021a:131-133, 218f., 320f., 404f. Only further textual evidence can shed light on the matter.Outdated is the idea by Lehrman 1998a:172f. that /hazzi-/ could be related to /hadi-/ ‘to proclaim, speak’, see e.g. Melchert 2003b:178.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Hittite
ḫazziye/a-(mi)
‘to pierce, engrave’1.2.1Literature / Comments
HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:539-541.
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to pierce’
Comparing Hitt. ḫazziye/a-(mi) with HLuw. /hazzi-/, a deradical formation in *-i̯e/o- can be reconstructed for Proto-Anatolian, whence the assibilation of *-t-i̯- to -zziy-. A form *h2ét-i̯e/o- with accent on the root is reconstructed in Oettinger 1976c:125 and Melchert 1994a:62, but *h2t-i̯é/ó- with accent on the suffix in EDHIL:331). Here, it is left open, i.e. *h2(e)t-i̯e/o-.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head, see CLuw. *ḫatt-.