tawananna

This lexeme is found in the festival texts CTH 751 and 753.

[D.S.]

nom. sg.	MUNUSta-wa-na-an-na-aš	KUB 35.165 obv. 5’	(CTH 751, OS or MS)
	MUNUSta-wa-n[a-an-na-aš]	KUB 35.166 + KBo 19.154, 16’	(CTH 751, MS?)
	[MUNUSta-wa-(an)-]na-an-na-aš	KUB 35.163 iii 3	(CTH 753, NS)
	mu[nust]a-wa-na-an-na-aš	KUB 35.167 + KBo 40.108, 8’/4’	(CTH 751, MS?)
acc. sg.	[MUNUSta-wa-a]n-na-˹an˺-na-an	KUB 35.163 iii 6	(CTH 753, NS)
	[MUNUS]˹ta-wa-an˺-na-an-na-an	KUB 35.163 iii 12	(CTH 753, NS)
dat. sg.	MUNUSta-wa-na-an-na-i(=)	KBo 19.152 i 17’	(CTH 751, MS)
	[MUNUSta-wa-na-an-n]a-˹i˺	KUB 35.166 + KBo 19.154, 6’	(CTH 751, MS?)
	MUNUSta-wa-na-ni	KUB 35.165 rev. 10’	(CTH 751, MS)
	MUNUSta-wa-na-an-ni	KBo 19.153 iii 12’	(CTH 751, NS)
	MUNUSta-wa-an-na-an-ni	KBo 48.178 iv 4’	(CTH 751, NS)
	MU[NUSta-wa-na-an-ni]	KBo 64.179 10’	(CTH 751, NS)
voc. sg.	MUNUSta-wa-a[n-na-a]n-na	KUB 35.159 + DBH 46/2.101 ii 17’	(CTH 753, NS)

The occasional gemination of the first -n- in New Hittite copies is most likely due to an assimilation to the following geminated -nn- and is thus seen here as secondary. On the old Palaic and Luwian dat. sg. ending -ai, cf. Melchert 1994a:222f. and Sasseville 2021a:72 n. 65, Norbruis 2022a:34 with n. 22.

[D.S.]

Checked against the photograph in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotarchiv).

[D.S.]

The title tawananna- refers to the queen within the festival for the Palaic pantheon, although it does not mean ‘queen’ per se. The title is also used in Hittite and Hattian texts, although it is mostly left untranslated, i.e. ‘the tawananna’. The Tawananna- along with the Tabarna-title have long been discussed in the literature; for a summary, see HEG T:282-286 and Klinger 1996a:207-219.

[D.S.]

The word formation is analyzable on Anatolian grounds, i.e. tawan- + -anna-, either as a compound with anna- ‘mother’ or as a derivative with the individualizing suffix -anna- from Luw. -ann(i)- (cf. Oettinger 1995b:43). Melchert 2003e:19f. (with further literature) adduces instead the rare and disputed suffix *-h₃no-, which is possible but not cogent. For more information, see under Origin.

[D.S.]

Against a Hattic origin of the titles tabarna and tawananna as defended by Klinger 1996a:209 with n. 328, 213-219, see Puhvel 1989a and Melchert 2003e:18 (a summary of the current views is also found in Goedegebuure 2008a:145f. n. 21 and Soysal 2005a). For tawananna, Puhvel 1989a:360f. suggests an etymological connection with Lat. bonus ‘good’, i.e. *dou̯onōnā-, which however does not phonologically yield a geminate -anna-. Oettinger 1995b:43 adduces Lyd. tawsa- ‘great’ as inner-Anatolian cognate, which is a better starting point, whereas Melchert 2003e:20 offers a connection with Hitt. tāwana ‘truly, just’. However, a Luwian origin as posited by Melchert, though possible, does not impose itself. A Palaic origin is also a likely source, especially due to the abundance of attestations in the Palaic corpus.

The second part of the word tawan-anna is also relevant regarding the exact source of the lexeme. If the view as a compound with the noun anna- ‘mother’ is correct, tawananna- would mean ‘the righteous mother’ and a Palaic origin would be the most straightforward. Otherwise, the suffix -anna- (if taken from Luw. -ann(i)- < *-é-no-) might have the function to individualize, i.e. ‘the righteous one’ (thus Melchert 2003e:19f.), and in this case, a Luwian origin would be required due to the effects of Čop’s Law. Further, the exact reconstruction of the Indo-European root depends on the etymology of Hitt. tāwana (and perhaps Luwian dāwan(i)- ‘stalk’), which does not have to be linked to the root *steh₂- ‘to stand’, since the root *teu̯h₂- as per Oettinger above (see Lyd. tawsa-) is also possible. In any case, more research on the tāwan-word family is required.

[D.S.]