marš/zaštarr(i)-
‘falsehood, sacrilege, desecration’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 2864
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
marš/zaštarr(i)-
‘falsehood, sacrilege, desecration’1.1.1Transmission
The noun marš/zaštarr(i)- is found in Hittite ritual texts, instructions and oracle reports (from MS onwards). The following list includes representative examples from approx. 30 attestations cited in CHD L-N:198f.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | mar-ša-aš-tar-ri-iš | KBo 12.116 rev. 5 | (CTH 456, NS) |
| [ma]r-ša-tar-ri-iš-š(=) | KUB 18.29 i? 8’ | (CTH 577, NS) | |
| mar-za-aš-tar-ri-iš-š(=) | KUB 18.27, 19 | (CTH 574, NS) | |
| acc. sg. | mar-ša-aš-tar-ri-in | KBo 23.1 i 6’ | (CTH 472, NS) |
| gen. sg. | mar-ša-aš-tar-ra-aš | KUB 5.10 obv. 19 | (CTH 567, NS) |
| dat./loc. sg. | mar-za-tar-ri | KUB 50.44 ii 6’ | (CTH 572, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The spellings with ⟨z⟩ render a sound /ts/, which arose either by dissimilation in close vicinity to /s/ (HEG L-N:145, Starke 1986a:162) or by epenthesis of an alveolar stop in the cluster /rs/ (Melchert 1994a:272). – The divergent spellings mar/zaštarr- and marš/zatarr- point to phonological sequence /marstarr-/ or /martstarr-/ (with syncope?). – For another epenthesis within the cluster /sr/, see under Stem.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The semantics of marš/zaštarr(i)- ‘falsehood, sacrilege, desecration’ were first elucidated by Friedrich 1934a:361 n. 9 and confirmed in Laroche 1949-1950a:24f. (‘fraude’). Later, the assigned meaning including the relevant contexts is treated again in CHD L-N:198f. and Starke 1986a:162 and Starke 1990a:393-396 (cf. also HW:137, HEG L-N:145f., HED M:85, CLL:141, HHw:113, Ünal 2007a:433, EDHIL:561).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
Already Neumann 1965b identified the abstract suffix -štarr(i)-, but only Melchert (CLL:iv and Melchert 1994a:88) proposed the convincing derivation from *-sro- (with epenthesis of -t-). The fact that words with this suffix may therefore belong to the common gender i-mutating class renders obsolete a number of implausible derivations (with Hitt. -eššar/-ešn- by Neumann himself, followed in Hawkins 2000a:61; with Hitt. -ātar/-ann- in Kronasser 1966a:226; analysis as a compound in Berman 1972a:20; Starke 1986a:162 (and Starke 1990a:394f.) with mars/zaštarra- and mars/zaštarri- from an alleged -i(ya)- adjective based on a neuter abstract noun *maršaštar- and other attestations of mars/zaštarr(i)- from a likewise improbable neuter *maršaštarri(t)-).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Origin
Although mars/zaštarr(i)- is unattested in Cuneiform Luwian, its Luwian origin was recognized on account of the specifically Luwian suffix -štarr(i)- (Neumann 1965b:88, Kronasser 1966a:226; see also Starke 1990a:393-396, CLL:141, HED M:85, HHw:113, Melchert 2005a: 450, EDHIL:562).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. 
marša-.