aštaniyawar-/-un-

The verbal noun occurs only once in a NS oracle report.

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

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Goetze 1938a:87 connected aštaniyawar with the negatively connotated stem aštayarattar-/-t(ta)n- and ašta- in the rhyme ašta- wašta- ‘a. (and) sin’, but did not offer a translation for aštaniyawar itself (likewise HED A, E, I:219f.). While Friedrich (in HW:37, followed in EHS:306) rejected a translation as ‘sin’ that he attributed to Goetze 1938a, he suggested in general terms “etwas Ungünstiges,” which was specified in HW 2nd ed. A:492 as “eine Verfehlung im Zusammenhang mit Opfern beim Eid” (followed in HHw:28). However, it is unlikely that aštaniya-⁽ⁱ⁾ is per se negatively connotated. Also, the only complete context of aštaniyawar permits a neutral or even positive meaning. In this vein, Ünal 2005a:81, 91 suggests ‘penance, compensation’: ^{(l. edge 7)}nu a-na ^Dutu^ŠI aš-ta-ni-ia-u-wa-ar ú-ul si×sá-at a-na dumu.nita-ia ú-ul si×sá-at ^{(l. edge 8)}ša a-bi ^Dutu^ŠI-ia-za-kán ù ša a-bi a-bi ^Dutu^ŠI ma-me-ti^ḪI.A šà siskur^MEŠ dù-zi “For His Majesty a compensation was not established. For the prince, too, it was not established. Shall he fulfill an oath (i.e. treat the breach of an oath) of either the father of His Majesty or the grandfather of His Majesty in the course of the sacrifice?” (modified from Goetze 1938a:87). A compensation had not been demanded for an unfulfilled oath of the king or prince. Now, the same question is asked regarding the father and grandfather of the king. Therefore, it is very likely that aštaniyawar is very close in meaning to ma-me-ti^ḪI.A dù- ‘to treat the (breach of) oaths’. The same applies to the attestation of the underlying verb aštaniya-⁽ⁱ⁾, for which ‘to compensate, to make amends’ is preferable (see under Lemma, following an interpretation of Ünal 2005a). The context of CLuw. ašta-, which is used as the direct object of piya-⁽ⁱ⁾ ‘to give’, permits the translations for the syntagm, viz. ‘to administer an oath’ and ‘to give a compensation for an (unfulfilled) oath’. In sum, the combined evidence speaks for the latter.

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It is agreed that aštaniyawar is a verbal noun derived from aštaniya-⁽ⁱ⁾ (HW:37, HED A, E, I:219f., HW 2nd ed. A:492, Starke 1990a:523, CLL:38, HHw:28, Ünal 2005a:91, Ünal 2007a:74).

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For the Luwian origin, see the Lemma of the underlying verb aštaniya-⁽ⁱ⁾ and for the lemma head see CLuw. ašta-.

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