GUL-za(/i)-
‘engraving, tracing (vel sim.)’
- Language
- Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, common
- ID
- 1862
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
GUL-za(/i)-
‘engraving, tracing (vel sim.)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is mainly found on a fragment of instructions and protocols (CTH 275), within a ritual text for the underground deities (CTH 446), and within an oracle text (CTH 573).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. (Hitt.) | GUL-zi-i[n | HT 20, 10’ | (CTH 275, NS) |
| GUL-zi-in | KBo 51.230, 1’ | (CTH 832, N/A) | |
| acc. pl. | GUL-an-za | KUB 41.8 iv 21 | (CTH 446, LNS) |
| ˹GUL?˺-x-an-zi | KBo 10.45 iv 22 | (CTH 446, NS) | |
| acc. pl. (Hitt.) | GUL-zi-uš | KUB 4.47 obv. 21 | (CTH 432, NS) |
| gen. adj. nom./acc. pl. n. | GUL-za-aš-ša | KUB 18.5 ii 8 | (CTH 573, MS) |
| GUL-za-a-aš-˹ša˺ | KUB 12.13, 2’ | (CTH 470, NS) |
The attestation GUL-zi-˹eš?-kán?˺ is to be emended to <D>GUL-zi-˹eš?-kán?˺ based on the duplicate (KUB 41.8 iv 21) and therefore not an attestation of the appellative GUL-zi- c. (pace HED K:243, EDHIL:492; see also Miller 2008a:216).
[D.S.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv), except for HT 20. Concerning the attestation at KBo 10.45 iv 22, the autography shows x-˹ta˺-an-zi, although inspection of the photo leaves the sign 〈ta〉 very uncertain. Based on the duplicate, the first sign is expected to be GUL and the second sign, which we would expect to be 〈za〉, cannot be read as such and therefore remains unclear, i.e. ˹GUL?˺-x-an-zi. For the value of GUL as logogram, see under Derivative below.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning ‘engraving, tracing’ is accepted by HED K:243, HEG A-K:629 and EDHIL:492. In KUB 41.8 iv 21 and KBo 10.45 iv 22, it refers to what the fate deities hold away. It occurs together with another noun, which is difficult to decipher in each of the two copies (i.e. da-ga-zi-x-x in KUB 41.8 iv 21, but x[ … ]xḪI.A-uš in KBo 10.45 iv 22). The genitival adjective GUL-za-aš-ša is used adverbially and translated as ‘giving a sign’ (Starke 1990a:462), as ‘fatefully, ominously’ by Melchert (CLL:107), and left untranslated by Sakuma 2009b:568f.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Stem
The Luwian forms such as acc. pl. GUL-an-za show a non-mutated a-stem, which would be the base of the denominative verb GUL-zā(i)-(di) (as suggested by Sasseville 2021a:89, though using mainly the non-mutated divine name DGUL-za- c.). However, the hittitized instances listed in the table have been reinterpreted as i-stems, which would seem to suggest the existence of a Luwian mutated noun (as implied by Kloekhorst (EDHIL:493) beside the non-mutated one. On the other hand, it is possible that the Hittite i-stem is secondary and has no real Luwian basis.
[D.S.]