*Hep-is-
‘limb, member’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- subst, neuter
- ID
- 1577
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
ḫappiš-
‘limb, member’1.1.1Transmission
Aside from two ritual fragments of unknown attribution, all attestations are found in rituals of the Kuwattalla tradition (from MS manuscripts onwards).
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | [ḫa-a]p-pí-˹iš-ša˺ | KBo 7.68 ii 1’ | (CTH 764, NS) |
| ḫa-ap-pí-i[š-ša] | KUB 29.39, 7’ | (CTH 770, NS) | |
| abl./instr. | ˹ḫa˺-ap-pí-š[a-a-ti] | KUB 35.20 obv. 10’ | (CTH 761, MS) |
| ḫa-ap-pí-ša-a-ti | KUB 35.24, 10’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| ˹UZU˺ḫa!-ap-pí-ša-a-ti | KUB 35.43 ii 15’ | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| [ḫa-ap-p]í-ša-ti | KUB 35.43 iii 13’ | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| [ḫa-ap]-˹pí-ša-a˺-ti | KUB 35.43 iii 27’ | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| ˹ḫa˺-ap-pí-ša-a-ti | KUB 35.51 iii 12’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| [ḫa-a]p-pí-ša-a-t[i] | KBo 29.20, 9’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| [ḫa-ap-p]í-i-ša-a-ti | KUB 35.42, 4’ | (CTH 761, NS) |
For the assignment of the nom./acc. sg. forms, see Starke 1990a:111. – At KUB 35.43 ii 15’, the winkelhaken is either missing or too weakly imprinted to be seen on a photograph.
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of ḫappiš- was elucidated by Otten 1953a:100 by way of equation with UZUÚR ‘limb, member’ in the phrases of CLuw. 12-tāti ḫappišāti and the ubiquitous Hitt. 12 UZUÚRḪI.A (HW2:223f.), and has been accepted since (cf. DLL:41, HEG A-K:165, Starke 1990a:110f., HED H:113, CLL:56, EDHIL:294, HW2:225).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
An underlying s-stem is clearly indicated by the combination of the nom./acc. sg. [ḫa-a]p-pí-˹iš-ša˺ with the attachment of the secondary ending /=sa/ and the oblique stem with single /-s-/ (Starke 1990a:110f., see also Melchert 2004d:473; now obsolete DLL:41, HEG A-K:165, HED H:113 and HW2:225 still posing **ḫappiša-).
[E.R.]
1.2 Hittite
ḫappeššar/n-
‘limb, member’1.2.1Literature / Comments
HW2:219-225. Regarding the claim of Starke 1990a:111 that Hitt. ḫappeššar/n- ‘limb, member’ is an adapted loanword from Luwian, see Rieken 1999a:403f. A different analysis sees an inherited cognate *ḫappiš- enlarged with -n- in the oblique cases by an inner-Hittite process, which then led to its transfer into the productive class in -eššar/-ešn- (see also the rejection of Starke’s scenario in CLL:56). Also, the loanword hypothesis in the other direction as cited in HEG A-K:165 lacks positive indication (see already Starke 1990a:110f.). Accordingly, the Hittite forms are not dealt with here in detail.
[E.R.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘limb’
The etymological comparison between Luw. ḫappiš- and Hitt. ḫappeššar allows for a common Proto-Anatolian s-stem formation. Oettinger 1986b:48 n. 31 and Rieken 1999a:404 posits the existence of an original i-stem formation, which would be seen in both Luw. ḫapp-i-š- and Pal. ḫap-i-ttala- ‘member, penis(?)’. On Luwian nouns in -iš- n. see Melchert 2004d:473. The secondary s-stem would be of Proto-Anatolian date and only Hittite would have extended the formation with the productive heteroclitic suffix in analogy to the abstract nouns in -eššar/n-. On Indo-European suffixes in *-is-, see Oettinger 1995b:47.
Differently, Rieken 2017a:22 suggests explaining instead the -i- in CLuw. ḫappiš- as a result of anaptyxis, for which see Melchert 2012e. She uses the attestation [ḫa-ap-p]í-i-ša-a-ti with a plene spelling of the suffix vowel (against many attestations without plene) to support the theory of anaptyxis, which is however not cogent. Any other explanation attempting to work with pre-tonic *e > i in Luwian is useless, since there is no grounds for such a sound law; cf. Melchert 2019b:365f. and on the invalidity of /isnuwa-(i)/ see Sasseville 2021a:294f. Taking the Palaic evidence seriously, we have to reckon with an actual Proto-Anatolian morpheme *-is-. Thus, an abstract noun *Hep-is- n. can be reconstructed.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *Hep-.