šapiyā(i)-^(di)

The two attestations come from the NS manuscript of the Old Hittite festival of the Storm-god and the Sun-goddess, and a ritual of Kuwattalla.

[E.R.]

part. nom. sg. c.	ša-pí-ia-i-mi-en-zi	KUB 35.133 iii 9	(CTH 665, LNS)
part. nom./acc. sg. n.	ša-pí-ia-im-ma-an	KBo 29.6 obv. 25	(CTH 762, NS)

Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz.

[E.R.]

From KBo 29.6, it becomes clear that the state of being šapiyaimma/i- is the positive outcome of the process of šapiyā(i)- and serves as a model for the ritual client, who wants to rid himself of sin and offense. In KUB 35.133, the lexeme is attested as part of a long list of badly understood nom. pl. c. forms, probably describing or denoting the clients of the ritual in a positive state they have not yet achieved. As implied in CLL:188, this fits well with the meaning of the homophonous verb Hittite šapiyā(i)- ‘to scrub, rub, cleanse’ (cf. CHD Š:205f.) in the Tunnawiya ritual, where the ritual client is rubbed with clay and his twelve body parts are purified. In CLuw. šapiyaimma/i-, we are probably dealing with the same word (see under Origin).

[E.R.]

It is widely acknowledged that Hitt. šapiyā(i)-^(mi) and CLuw. šapiyā(i)-^(di) are cognates (DLL:85, Carruba 1972a:39, Oettinger 1979a:383f., CLL:188, Melchert 2003c:149f., HEG Š:842-845). Usually, the Hittite word is regarded as a loan from Luwian. This seems justified at first sight, as the Hittite attestations come from a ritual of Tunnawiya, a ritualist who is known to have authored rituals with Luwian passages. However, the base word, Hitt. ša/epiya- ‘washbowl’, is probably of Hittite origin, as can be seen from the graphic vacillation, pointing to an initial cluster /sp-/. The latter is typical of Hittite, but impossible within Luwian phonotactic rules (*/#sp-/ > /#p-/; see under CLuw. šapiya-). As a consequence, if we want to keep the formally and semantically attractive idea of a derivational relationship between Hitt. ša/epiya- ‘washbowl’ and CLuw. šapiya- ‘id.’ and Hitt./Luw. šapiyā(i)- ‘to scrub, rub, cleanse’, we need to assume that also the Luwian verb is either a direct loan from Hitt. šapiyā(i)-, or a calque on the same borrowed base šapiya-.

[E.R.]

CHD Š:205f., Tischler 2008a:143, HEG Š:842-845, Ünal 2007a:604.

For the derivational base see CLuw. šapiya-.