ḫapanuša-(i)
‘to rinse’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1109
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
ḫapanuša-(i)
‘to rinse’1.1.1Transmission
Two attestations of the word are found, both in the “Tablet of Lallupiya” within the OH Ištanuwa festival.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 2sg. impv. act. | ḫa-pa-nu-ša | KUB 25.37 i 5’ | (CTH 771, NS) |
| KUB 25.37 iii 30’ | (CTH 771, NS) |
For the morphological interpretation, see under Meaning.
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The word occurs twice in a Luwian address by the leaders of Lallupiya to the cub-bearer: wariyati ḫapanuša. The description of the scene as given under Lemma wari(ya)- is repeated here for convenience: After the people of Lallupiya use the horn for drinking winiyandan ‘the wine-related (drink or deity)’ (ibid. iii 17’), it has to be rinsed with water (wetenaz arḫa šanḫanzi, ibid. iii 21’) and the water should be disposed of some distance from the ḫuwaši-stone (ibid. iii 22’f.). Following this general instruction, the situation is described in more detail: The leaders of Lallupiya make music, and the cup-bearer proceeds to perform his task of cleaning the drinking horn. He holds it out towards the leaders, and they tell him: ‘ḫapanuša (it) with water!’.
The form is generally interpreted as the 2sg. impv. ind. act. of a -šša-(i) derivative of a causative verb with the suffix -nuwa-(i) (CLL:40, CLL:54, Melchert 1994a:79, Tischler 2008a:44, Yakubovich 2017d, Sasseville 2021a:327-329. Outdated Weitenberg 1984a:290 While Laroche seeks the base in ḫap(a)i-(di), a verb now translated as ‘to bind, to attach to’, Yakubovich 2017d translates it as ‘to sprinkle’ and Sasseville 2021a:491 suggests ‘to rinse’, by relating it to Hitt./Luw. ḫapā(i)- (mi) ‘to wet’. In the attested context, this can obviously be given preference. Combining Yakubovich’s plausible interpretation of wari(ya)- as ‘water’ and Sasseville’s ‘to rinse’, one arrives at ‘Rinse (it) with water!’, which can be easily integrated into the context.
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
For the analysis of the verb as base Hitt./Luw. ḫapā(i)-(mi) ‘to wet’ with causative -nuwa-(i) and the suffix -šša-(i), see under Meaning. For the reconstruction of the root, see PAnat. *Hab-.
[E.R.]