ḫantiyā(i)-(mi)
‘to take care of’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1103
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
ḫantiyā(i)-(mi)
‘to take care of’1.1.1Transmission
The verb is attested in historical and administrative texts from the times of Ḫattušili III. and later.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. ind. act. | ḫa-˹an˺-ti-ia-i[z-z]i | KUB 14.3 iii 58’ | (CTH 181, NS) |
| ḫa-an-ti-ia-iz-zi | Bo 96/299 iii 62 | (CTH 106, NS) | |
| 3pl. pres. ind. act. | ḫa-an-ti-ia-an-zi | KUB 58.58 obv. 7 | (CTH 530, NS) |
| [ḫ]a-an-te-ia-˹an-zi˺(over erasure) | KUB 54.67 obv. 15’ | (CTH 641, NS) | |
| 1sg. pret. ind. act. | ḫa-an-ti-ia-nu-un | KBo 6.29 i 16 | (CTH 85, NS) |
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | ḫa-an-ti-ia-it | KBo 4.10 obv. 41’ | (CTH 106, NS) |
| Bo 96/299 ii 22 | (CTH 106, NS) | ||
| ḫa-an-ti-i[a- … ] | ABoT 1.57, 9 | (CTH 106, NS) | |
| ḫa-an-te-ia-at | KUB 26.43 rev. 25 | (CTH 225, NS) |
Except for the 3sg. pret. act. ḫanteyat in KUB 26.43 rev. 25, all forms can be attributed to the stem ḫantiyā(i)-(mi). The only outlier may have arisen secondarily by paradigmatic leveling modeled after the regular stem ḫantiya- in the 1sg. pret. act. and 3pl. pres. act.
[E.R.]
1.1.3Meaning ‘to take care of, to treat preferentially, to sustain’
The verb is used transitively with persons, gods, and affairs as direct objects. Already Forrer 1929a:179 succeeded with an approximate semantic interpretation as ‘fördern’, which was largely accepted (Sommer 1932a:160, Otten 1988a:47, EDHIL:287: ‘to support(?)’, HED Ḫ:90f. [s.v. ḫant-]: ‘face, countenance, entertain, sustain, maintain, cultivate’, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:191f.: ‘versorgen’) or only slightly modified with the notion of preferential treatment (Sommer 1932a:15: ‘protegieren(?)’, Götze 1954a:188: ‘single out, accord special care or honor’, Oettinger 1979a:382 n. 251: ‘bevorzugt behandeln’, Starke 1990a:130: ‘bevorzugt behandeln, betreuen; festsetzen, anordnen’, HEG A-K:156: ‘besonders pflegen, umsorgen’, CLL:53 ‘place first, treat preferentially’, Tischler 2008a:44: ‘bevorzugt behandeln, pflegen’, Beckman, Bryce & Cline 2011a:115: ‘to support’).Outdated Götze 1925a: 46f., 89: ‘treu ergeben sein’. The latter option lends a more pointed sense to the contexts in that the relevant passages do not only say what is understood anyway, and is therefore to be preferred.
The semantics of the word can be easily derived from the reconstructed base *ḫantiya- c. ‘front position, preeminent position, edge’ as reconstructed by Starke 1990a:130 (implicitly perhaps already in DLL:40; see under ḫantiyašša-).
[E.R.]
1.1.4Stem
The forms as listed above belong unambiguously to the Hittite class of verbs in -iyā(i)-(mi).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Origin
Many of the Hittite verbs of the class in -iyā(i)-(mi) are Luwian loanwords, as pointed out by Oettinger 1979a:382f. Although there are exceptions to the rule (e.g., Hitt. kardimmiyā(i)-(mi) ‘to be/get angry’), the stem class, the phonological shape without assibilation of -tiya-, and the derivational base *ḫantiya- c. ‘front position, edge’ shared with other Luwian lexemes strongly suggest that ḫantiyā(i)-(mi) is borrowed from Luw. *ḫantiya(i)-(di). For the common gender stems in -iya- underlying the verbs in -iy-a(i)-(di), see Sasseville 2020c and Sasseville 2021a. This voids the discussion over whether ḫantiyā(i)-(mi) is derived from ḫant(i)- ‘forehead, front’ (Starke 1990a:130, HED Ḫ:80f.), ḫanda- ‘firm, loyal’ (Sommer 1932a:160, sic!, but putative base non-existent), adv. ḫanti ‘apart, individually’ (Götze 1954a:188) or adjective ḫanti(ya)- ‘front, foremost’ (CLL:53).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *Hant-.